Plasma cell leukaemia with t(11;14) not responsive to venetoclax

A 70-year-old man with medical history of IgG kappa multiple myeloma, initially diagnosed in 2017, underwent induction therapy with carfilzomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone followed by autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Nine months following transplant, disease relapsed in the form of plasma cell leukaemia. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation of malignant plasma cells revealed t(11;14). A combination therapy including venetoclax was used based on efficacy data for Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax from available early-phase clinical trials in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma with t(11;14) and other published case studies. Unfortunately, the disease was primary refractory, and after further ineffective therapies, the patient did not have a successful outcome.