TY - JOUR
T1 - Photonic Crystal Structured Multi-Mode VCSELs Enabling 92-Gbit/s QAM-OFDM Transmission
AU - Lin, Yu Hong
AU - Tsai, Cheng Ting
AU - Wu, Wei Li
AU - Cheng, Chih Hsien
AU - Choquette, Kent D.
AU - Lin, Gong Ru
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received March 2, 2021; revised April 10, 2021; accepted April 14, 2021. Date of publication April 16, 2021; date of current version July 2, 2021. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, under Grants MOST 107-2221-E-002-159-MY3, MOST 107-2221-E-002-158-MY3, MOST 109-2224-E-992-001-, and MOST 109-2221-E-002-184-MY3. (Corresponding authors: Gong-Ru Lin and Kent D. Choquette.) Yu-Hong Lin, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Wei-Li Wu, and Gong-Ru Lin are with the Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (e-mail: [email protected]).
Publisher Copyright:
© 1983-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2021/7/1
Y1 - 2021/7/1
N2 - The multi-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (MM-VCSELs) with different photonic crystal (PhC) designs in core and cladding regions are compared for transmitting the complex formatted QAM-OFDM data over 100-m OM5 multi-mode fiber (MMF). Among the designs with using flat core/cladding (denoting as Coreflat/Cladflat) and/or PhC core/cladding (denoting as Corephc/Cladphc) for the MM-VCSEL, the Coreflat+Cladflat VCSEL with the highest threshold current and large emission aperture provides the highest differential quantum efficiency of 0.11 and output power of 2 mW, whereas the Coreflat+Cladphc2 VCSEL with two periods of cladding PhC reveals the lowest threshold current of 2 mA, the highest modulation bandwidth of 15 GHz, the lowest relative intensity noise peak of -126 dBc/Hz and background level of -143 dBc/Hz. After pre-compensation, the Coreflat+Cladphc2 VCSEL chip can achieve the highest OFDM bandwidth of 18 GHz for 72-Gbit/s transmission in the BtB case. With additionally adding 1 period of core PhC, the Corephc1+Cladphc2 VCSEL possesses a single-mode lasing spectrum to facilitate the suppression of modal dispersion after MMF propagation. Hence, the Corephc1+Cladphc2 VCSEL exhibits the same bit rate of 60 Gbit/s as compared to the Coreflat+Cladphc2 VCSEL after 100-m OM5-MMF. After improving the analog bandwidth for waveform synthesis, the data rate of Coreflat+Cladphc2 VCSEL can successfully deliver 76-Gbit/s and 72-Gbit/s single-band 16-QAM OFDM data streams for BtB and 100-m OM5 MMF conditions via the pre-leveling technology. To date, the ultimate raw data rate achieves 92-Gbit/s with employing the multi-band QAM-OFDM data format.
AB - The multi-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (MM-VCSELs) with different photonic crystal (PhC) designs in core and cladding regions are compared for transmitting the complex formatted QAM-OFDM data over 100-m OM5 multi-mode fiber (MMF). Among the designs with using flat core/cladding (denoting as Coreflat/Cladflat) and/or PhC core/cladding (denoting as Corephc/Cladphc) for the MM-VCSEL, the Coreflat+Cladflat VCSEL with the highest threshold current and large emission aperture provides the highest differential quantum efficiency of 0.11 and output power of 2 mW, whereas the Coreflat+Cladphc2 VCSEL with two periods of cladding PhC reveals the lowest threshold current of 2 mA, the highest modulation bandwidth of 15 GHz, the lowest relative intensity noise peak of -126 dBc/Hz and background level of -143 dBc/Hz. After pre-compensation, the Coreflat+Cladphc2 VCSEL chip can achieve the highest OFDM bandwidth of 18 GHz for 72-Gbit/s transmission in the BtB case. With additionally adding 1 period of core PhC, the Corephc1+Cladphc2 VCSEL possesses a single-mode lasing spectrum to facilitate the suppression of modal dispersion after MMF propagation. Hence, the Corephc1+Cladphc2 VCSEL exhibits the same bit rate of 60 Gbit/s as compared to the Coreflat+Cladphc2 VCSEL after 100-m OM5-MMF. After improving the analog bandwidth for waveform synthesis, the data rate of Coreflat+Cladphc2 VCSEL can successfully deliver 76-Gbit/s and 72-Gbit/s single-band 16-QAM OFDM data streams for BtB and 100-m OM5 MMF conditions via the pre-leveling technology. To date, the ultimate raw data rate achieves 92-Gbit/s with employing the multi-band QAM-OFDM data format.
KW - Bit-loading
KW - OFDM
KW - data center
KW - photonic crystal
KW - vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)
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U2 - 10.1109/JLT.2021.3073898
DO - 10.1109/JLT.2021.3073898
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85104658677
SN - 0733-8724
VL - 39
SP - 4331
EP - 4340
JO - Journal of Lightwave Technology
JF - Journal of Lightwave Technology
IS - 13
M1 - 9406338
ER -