TY - JOUR
T1 - Periodic leg movements during sleep
T2 - phenotype, neurophysiology, and clinical significance
AU - Ferri, Raffaele
AU - Koo, Brian B.
AU - Picchietti, Daniel L.
AU - Fulda, Stephany
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2017/3/1
Y1 - 2017/3/1
N2 - Periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) are the most important objective finding in restless legs syndrome (RLS). During the last decade, PLMS have been very important for the assessment and comprehension of their pathophysiological correlates, which have been paralleled by the emergence of new computer-assisted and data-driven rules for their identification, scoring, and analysis. The present article focused on the most relevant PLMS-related findings of the last decade, and sought to provide a coherent and comprehensive overview on this enigmatic motor phenomenon. First, a clear description was made on the identification, quantification, and scoring of PLMS and their associated events. This was followed by a description of the current knowledge of their neurophysiologic aspects. Then, the typical phenotype of genuine PLMS in RLS and other clinical conditions was described, allowing for their careful separation from other sleep leg motor activities. In addition, the most recent findings on the genetics of PLMS were briefly summarized, followed by the current evidence on their clinical correlates, which is another rapidly advancing field of research. The description of the specific aspects of PLMS in children was also carefully reported, with important clues on their evaluation in this age group. Finally, further research was proposed, which may lead to consideration of PLMS as a clinically significant concern, independent of the association with RLS.
AB - Periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) are the most important objective finding in restless legs syndrome (RLS). During the last decade, PLMS have been very important for the assessment and comprehension of their pathophysiological correlates, which have been paralleled by the emergence of new computer-assisted and data-driven rules for their identification, scoring, and analysis. The present article focused on the most relevant PLMS-related findings of the last decade, and sought to provide a coherent and comprehensive overview on this enigmatic motor phenomenon. First, a clear description was made on the identification, quantification, and scoring of PLMS and their associated events. This was followed by a description of the current knowledge of their neurophysiologic aspects. Then, the typical phenotype of genuine PLMS in RLS and other clinical conditions was described, allowing for their careful separation from other sleep leg motor activities. In addition, the most recent findings on the genetics of PLMS were briefly summarized, followed by the current evidence on their clinical correlates, which is another rapidly advancing field of research. The description of the specific aspects of PLMS in children was also carefully reported, with important clues on their evaluation in this age group. Finally, further research was proposed, which may lead to consideration of PLMS as a clinically significant concern, independent of the association with RLS.
KW - PLMS consequences
KW - PLMS genetics
KW - PLMS in children
KW - PLMS neurophysiology
KW - Periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) scoring
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U2 - 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.05.014
DO - 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.05.014
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28341521
AN - SCOPUS:85005965475
SN - 1389-9457
VL - 31
SP - 29
EP - 38
JO - Sleep Medicine
JF - Sleep Medicine
ER -