Performance and life cycle environmental benefits of recycling spent ion exchange brines by catalytic treatment of nitrate

Engineering & Materials Science

• Activated carbon 10%
• Brines 73%
• Carbon dioxide 8%
• Catalyst activity 22%
• Catalysts 52%
• Economics 5%
• Electrons 8%
• Environmental impact 42%
• Hydrogen 7%
• Hydrogenation 11%
• Ion exchange 86%
• Ion exchange resins 13%
• Life cycle 53%
• Metals 5%
• Negative ions 12%
• Nitrates 77%
• Potable water 11%
• Recycling 61%
• Salts 24%
• Sodium chloride 9%
• Sulfates 29%
• Water 9%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• activated carbon 6%
• anion 6%
• bicarbonate 21%
• brine 55%
• consumption 9%
• drinking water 5%
• economics 4%
• environmental impact 26%
• environmental liability 10%
• hydrogen 5%
• ion exchange 57%
• life cycle 50%
• metal 4%
• reactor 28%
• recycling 48%
• regeneration 12%
• resin 12%
• resource 3%
• salt 14%
• sulfate 14%
• water 4%

Chemical Compounds

• Anion 5%
• Biogeochemical Cycle 100%
• Buffer Solution 5%
• Catalyst 25%
• Catalyst Activity 19%
• Drinking Water 9%
• Electron Donor 8%
• Hydrogen 4%
• Hydrogenation 6%
• Metal 3%
• Nitrate 46%
• Recycling 56%
• Reduction 8%
• Sulfate 20%