TY - JOUR
T1 - Out-of-Plane Seismic Response of Unreinforced Masonry Walls
T2 - Conceptual Discussion, Research Needs, and Modeling Issues
AU - Abrams, Daniel P.
AU - AlShawa, Omar
AU - Lourenço, Paulo B.
AU - Sorrentino, Luigi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Taylor & Francis.
PY - 2017/1/2
Y1 - 2017/1/2
N2 - Modeling unreinforced masonry walls, subjected to seismic loads applied normal to their plane, has received much attention in the past. Yet, there is a general lack of conformance with regard to what aspects of seismic response a computational model should reflect. Boundary conditions are certainly an important aspect, as the response can involve two-way bending or just one-way bending and, in the second case, along vertical or horizontal directions. In this respect, flexural restraint of wall intersections can be significant in addition to size and placement of openings. Moreover, in-plane damage can modify the boundary conditions and the overall out-of-plane performance. Proper modeling of actions is also relevant, as they can be a result of distortions imposed upon wall elements and/or inertial forces along the span of a wall. Axial forces can markedly affect the out-of-plane response of the wall, particularly vertical compressive forces, which can enhance out-of-plane strength. The outcome of static verifications can be more conservative than that of dynamic analyses, but the latter are much more complex to carry out. These topics are discussed with reference to previous research, observations in the field and in the laboratory, as well as numerical analyses on three-dimensional models.
AB - Modeling unreinforced masonry walls, subjected to seismic loads applied normal to their plane, has received much attention in the past. Yet, there is a general lack of conformance with regard to what aspects of seismic response a computational model should reflect. Boundary conditions are certainly an important aspect, as the response can involve two-way bending or just one-way bending and, in the second case, along vertical or horizontal directions. In this respect, flexural restraint of wall intersections can be significant in addition to size and placement of openings. Moreover, in-plane damage can modify the boundary conditions and the overall out-of-plane performance. Proper modeling of actions is also relevant, as they can be a result of distortions imposed upon wall elements and/or inertial forces along the span of a wall. Axial forces can markedly affect the out-of-plane response of the wall, particularly vertical compressive forces, which can enhance out-of-plane strength. The outcome of static verifications can be more conservative than that of dynamic analyses, but the latter are much more complex to carry out. These topics are discussed with reference to previous research, observations in the field and in the laboratory, as well as numerical analyses on three-dimensional models.
KW - boundary conditions
KW - finite-discrete elements
KW - in-plane mechanisms
KW - out-of-plane mechanisms
KW - unreinforced masonry
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U2 - 10.1080/15583058.2016.1238977
DO - 10.1080/15583058.2016.1238977
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85009809529
SN - 1558-3058
VL - 11
SP - 22
EP - 30
JO - International Journal of Architectural Heritage
JF - International Journal of Architectural Heritage
IS - 1
ER -