@article{0d11983c0cba4cb58e3b2d5d4899b5c1,
title = "Opportunity, necessity, and no one in the middle: A closer look at small, rural, and female-led entrepreneurship in the United States",
abstract = "Female entrepreneurs in rural America are rarely studied, despite local economic context likely shaping their (self-) employment choices. Development literature suggests entrepreneurship is most prevalent at the lowest and highest income levels, creating a U-shaped relationship between economic development measured with per capita income on the x-axis and the entrepreneurship rate (startups) on the y-axis. At the county level in the United States, we find that female-led startup rates vary with per capita income in the predicted U-shape. Results provide support for place-based entrepreneurship policy and highlight challenges women face while trying to contribute to the rural economy.",
keywords = "entrepreneurship, female-led, gender, place-based policy, rural economic development, startups",
author = "Tessa Conroy and Low, {Sarah A.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Cooperative Agreement 58‐6000‐8‐0018, “Getting Women Connected: Implications of Broadband and Rural Development for Women‐Owned Businesses.” Low also acknowledges funding from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. The authors appreciate comments from anonymous reviewers, guest editor Valerie Mueller, John Pender, USDA Economic Research Service, and Samee Desai, Indiana University. 1 Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Cooperative Agreement 58-6000-8-0018, “Getting Women Connected: Implications of Broadband and Rural Development for Women-Owned Businesses.” Low also acknowledges funding from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. The authors appreciate comments from anonymous reviewers, guest editor Valerie Mueller, John Pender, USDA Economic Research Service, and Samee Desai, Indiana University. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Agricultural & Applied Economics Association.",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1002/aepp.13193",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "44",
pages = "162--196",
journal = "Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy",
issn = "2040-5790",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "1",
}