TY - JOUR
T1 - One-carbon, carnitine, and glutathione metabolism-related biomarkers in peripartal Holstein cows are altered by prepartal body condition
AU - Bucktrout, R. E.
AU - Ma, N.
AU - Aboragah, A.
AU - Alharthi, A. S.
AU - Liang, Y.
AU - Lopreiato, V.
AU - Lopes, M. G.
AU - Trevisi, E.
AU - Alhidary, I. A.
AU - Fernandez, C.
AU - Loor, J. J.
N1 - N. Ma and Y. Liang were recipients of doctoral fellowships from the China Scholarship Council (CSC, Beijing, China) to perform PhD studies at the University of Illinois (Urbana). M. Gomes Lopes was supported in part by a PhD fellowship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES, finance Code 001) and by Hatch funds under project ILLU-538-914, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Washington, DC). A. Aboragah and A. S. Alharthi received fellowships from King Saud University to perform PhD studies at the University of Illinois (Urbana). We thank Perdue AgriBusiness (Salisbury, MD) for the donation of ProvAAL2 AADvantage during the course of the experiment. We also thank ADM Animal Nutrition (Quincy, IL) for the donation of SoyChlor during the course of the experiment. The authors claim no conflicts of interest.
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - We investigated how prepartal body condition score (BCS) alters key hepatic enzymes associated with 1-carbon, carnitine, and glutathione metabolism and the related biomarkers in liver tissue and plasma of periparturient dairy cows. Twenty-six multiparous Holstein dairy cows were retrospectively selected according to BCS at 4 wk prepartum and divided into high (HighBCS, BCS ≥ 3.50) and normal (NormBCS, BCS ≤ 3.25) BCS groups (n = 13 each). Blood plasma samples were obtained at −30, −10, 7, 15, and 30 d relative to calving. Liver tissue biopsies were performed at −15, 7, and 30 d relative to calving, and samples were used to assess protein abundance via Western blot assay. Cows in the HighBCS group lost ∼1 unit of BCS between −4 and 4 wk around calving, while NormBCS cows lost ∼0.5 unit in the same period. Prepartal dry matter intake (DMI, kg/d) did not differ between groups. Compared with NormBCS cows, HighBCS cows had higher postpartal DMI and milk yield (+5.34 kg/d). In addition, greater overall plasma concentrations of fatty acids and activity of the neutrophil-enriched enzyme myeloperoxidase were observed in HighBCS compared with NormBCS cows. Despite similar reactive oxygen metabolite concentrations in both groups at 30 d, HighBCS cows had lower overall concentrations of β-carotene and tocopherol, explaining the lower (BCS × Time) antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing ability of plasma). The HighBCS cows also had greater liver malondialdehyde concentrations and superoxide dismutase activity at 30 d. Overall, compared with NormBCS cows, HighBCS cows had lower hepatic protein abundance of the 1-carbon metabolism enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase, betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase, and methionine adenosyltransferase 1 A (MAT1A), as well as the glutathione metabolism-related enzymes glutathione S-transferase α 4 and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3). A lower protein abundance of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) at −15 and 7 d was also observed. Regardless of BCS, cows had increased abundance of GSTM1 and GPX3 between −15 and 7 d around calving. A marked decrease of gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase 1 from −10 to 7 d in HighBCS compared with NormBCS cows suggested a decrease in de novo carnitine synthesis that was partly explained by the lower abundance of MAT1A. Overall, data suggest biologic links between BCS before calving, milk yield, immune response, and hepatic reactions encompassing 1-carbon metabolism, carnitine, and antioxidant synthesis.
AB - We investigated how prepartal body condition score (BCS) alters key hepatic enzymes associated with 1-carbon, carnitine, and glutathione metabolism and the related biomarkers in liver tissue and plasma of periparturient dairy cows. Twenty-six multiparous Holstein dairy cows were retrospectively selected according to BCS at 4 wk prepartum and divided into high (HighBCS, BCS ≥ 3.50) and normal (NormBCS, BCS ≤ 3.25) BCS groups (n = 13 each). Blood plasma samples were obtained at −30, −10, 7, 15, and 30 d relative to calving. Liver tissue biopsies were performed at −15, 7, and 30 d relative to calving, and samples were used to assess protein abundance via Western blot assay. Cows in the HighBCS group lost ∼1 unit of BCS between −4 and 4 wk around calving, while NormBCS cows lost ∼0.5 unit in the same period. Prepartal dry matter intake (DMI, kg/d) did not differ between groups. Compared with NormBCS cows, HighBCS cows had higher postpartal DMI and milk yield (+5.34 kg/d). In addition, greater overall plasma concentrations of fatty acids and activity of the neutrophil-enriched enzyme myeloperoxidase were observed in HighBCS compared with NormBCS cows. Despite similar reactive oxygen metabolite concentrations in both groups at 30 d, HighBCS cows had lower overall concentrations of β-carotene and tocopherol, explaining the lower (BCS × Time) antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing ability of plasma). The HighBCS cows also had greater liver malondialdehyde concentrations and superoxide dismutase activity at 30 d. Overall, compared with NormBCS cows, HighBCS cows had lower hepatic protein abundance of the 1-carbon metabolism enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase, betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase, and methionine adenosyltransferase 1 A (MAT1A), as well as the glutathione metabolism-related enzymes glutathione S-transferase α 4 and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3). A lower protein abundance of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) at −15 and 7 d was also observed. Regardless of BCS, cows had increased abundance of GSTM1 and GPX3 between −15 and 7 d around calving. A marked decrease of gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase 1 from −10 to 7 d in HighBCS compared with NormBCS cows suggested a decrease in de novo carnitine synthesis that was partly explained by the lower abundance of MAT1A. Overall, data suggest biologic links between BCS before calving, milk yield, immune response, and hepatic reactions encompassing 1-carbon metabolism, carnitine, and antioxidant synthesis.
KW - antioxidants
KW - inflammation
KW - liver function
KW - oxidative stress
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U2 - 10.3168/jds.2020-19402
DO - 10.3168/jds.2020-19402
M3 - Article
C2 - 33455750
AN - SCOPUS:85099435623
SN - 0022-0302
VL - 104
SP - 3403
EP - 3417
JO - Journal of Dairy Science
JF - Journal of Dairy Science
IS - 3
ER -