On the comparative method, internal reconstruction, and other analytical tools for the reconstruction of the evolution of the Basque language: An assessment

This paper is an attempt to present the state of the art in Basque historical phonology. The accomplishments and limitations of different methodologies are evaluated. These methodologies include the application of the comparative method to Basque dialects, the analysis of old borrowings in Michelena’s work, internal reconstruction, and Lakarra’s canonical root hypothesis. I also discuss the possibilities afforded by internal reconstruction and root theory for discovering genetic relationships between Basque and other languages, focusing on recent proposals.