TY - JOUR
T1 - Numerical and experimental investigation of single and multi-injection ignition of F-24/ATJ blends
AU - Rieth, Martin
AU - Kim, Jeongwon
AU - Mayhew, Eric
AU - Temme, Jacob
AU - Kweon, Chol Bum
AU - Wiersema, Paxton
AU - Lee, Tonghun
AU - Chen, Jacqueline H.
N1 - This research was sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory, USA. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC (NTESS), a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525. This written work is authored by an employee of NTESS. The employee, not NTESS, owns the right, title and interest in and to the written work and is responsible for its contents. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the written work do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Government. The publisher acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this written work or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. The DOE will provide public access to results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan. This research was supported by the Exascale Computing Project (ECP), Project Number: 17-SC-20-SC. This research used resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
This research was sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory . Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy\u2019s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525 . This research was supported by the Exascale Computing Project (ECP) , Project Number: 17-SC-20-SC. This research used resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
PY - 2024/1
Y1 - 2024/1
N2 - Conventional jet fuels can be blended with other fuels, including sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) to provide fuel flexibility and to reduce emissions. However, differences in fuel properties including the derived cetane number (measure of ignitability), together with low-temperature high-altitude flight conditions, pose significant challenges for reliable operation in aviation compression-ignition engines. Multi-injection strategies have been shown to enhance ignition reliability by providing a reactive mixture through an early pilot injection that boosts the ignition of the main injection. While the effectiveness of such strategies has been demonstrated experimentally and to some extent with simplified low-order simulations for conventional fuels, details of the ignition enhancement process are still not known. In the present study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of such strategies for a 40/60 ratio blend of F-24 and alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) fuel experimentally and numerically. Experiments are conducted in an optical chamber, using Schlieren, planar laser induced fluorescence and chemiluminescence imaging. Numerical data is provided by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a simplified configuration resembling the experiments, incorporating a new reduced CN30 chemical mechanism (equivalent to the blend of F-24 and ATJ). The DNS are compared to the experiments in terms of the overall ignition process, and then analyzed with respect to the impact of the pilot injection on the ignition process, and the role of turbulent mixing in the ignition process. Clear differences between the ignition process with single injection versus a pilot-main strategy are shown.
AB - Conventional jet fuels can be blended with other fuels, including sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) to provide fuel flexibility and to reduce emissions. However, differences in fuel properties including the derived cetane number (measure of ignitability), together with low-temperature high-altitude flight conditions, pose significant challenges for reliable operation in aviation compression-ignition engines. Multi-injection strategies have been shown to enhance ignition reliability by providing a reactive mixture through an early pilot injection that boosts the ignition of the main injection. While the effectiveness of such strategies has been demonstrated experimentally and to some extent with simplified low-order simulations for conventional fuels, details of the ignition enhancement process are still not known. In the present study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of such strategies for a 40/60 ratio blend of F-24 and alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) fuel experimentally and numerically. Experiments are conducted in an optical chamber, using Schlieren, planar laser induced fluorescence and chemiluminescence imaging. Numerical data is provided by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a simplified configuration resembling the experiments, incorporating a new reduced CN30 chemical mechanism (equivalent to the blend of F-24 and ATJ). The DNS are compared to the experiments in terms of the overall ignition process, and then analyzed with respect to the impact of the pilot injection on the ignition process, and the role of turbulent mixing in the ignition process. Clear differences between the ignition process with single injection versus a pilot-main strategy are shown.
KW - Alcohol-to-jet-fuel
KW - Aviation compression ignition engine
KW - Ignition
KW - Multi-injection
KW - Sustainable aviation fuel
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U2 - 10.1016/j.proci.2024.105341
DO - 10.1016/j.proci.2024.105341
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85205879930
SN - 1540-7489
VL - 40
JO - Proceedings of the Combustion Institute
JF - Proceedings of the Combustion Institute
IS - 1-4
M1 - 105341
ER -