TY - JOUR
T1 - Nonlinear Focal Modulation Microscopy
AU - Zhao, Guangyuan
AU - Zheng, Cheng
AU - Kuang, Cuifang
AU - Zhou, Renjie
AU - Kabir, Mohammad M.
AU - Toussaint, Kimani C.
AU - Wang, Wensheng
AU - Xu, Liang
AU - Li, Haifeng
AU - Xiu, Peng
AU - Liu, Xu
N1 - Funding Information:
G. Z. appreciates Dr. Rainer Heintzmann (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena) for his discussion about SIM-like postprocessing algorithms with data obtained by pointwise scanning and Dr. Jan Keller-Findeisen (Max Plank Institute For Biophysical Chemistry) for his discussion about requirements of fluorescent dyes in STED and SSIM. The authors thank Abberior Instruments for preparing the samples and the STED experiments. This work was financially sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province LR16F050001, the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2015CB352003 Grant), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 61735017, No. 61427818, and No. 61335003), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2017FZA5004), and the U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH) Grant No. NIH9P41EB015871-26A1.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Physical Society.
PY - 2018/5/9
Y1 - 2018/5/9
N2 - We demonstrate nonlinear focal modulation microscopy (NFOMM) to achieve superresolution imaging. Traditional approaches to superresolution that utilize point scanning often rely on spatially reducing the size of the emission pattern by directly narrowing (e.g., through minimizing the detection pinhole in Airyscan, Zeiss) or indirectly peeling its outer profiles [e.g., through depleting the outer emission region in stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy]. We show that an alternative conceptualization that focuses on maximizing the optical system's frequency shifting ability offers advantages in further improving resolution while reducing system complexity. In NFOMM, a spatial light modulator and a suitably intense laser illumination are used to implement nonlinear focal-field modulation to achieve a transverse spatial resolution of ∼60 nm (∼λ/10). We show that NFOMM is comparable with STED microscopy and suitable for fundamental biology studies, as evidenced in imaging nuclear pore complexes, tubulin and vimentin in Vero cells. Since NFOMM is readily implemented as an add-on module to a laser-scanning microscope, we anticipate wide utility of this new imaging technique.
AB - We demonstrate nonlinear focal modulation microscopy (NFOMM) to achieve superresolution imaging. Traditional approaches to superresolution that utilize point scanning often rely on spatially reducing the size of the emission pattern by directly narrowing (e.g., through minimizing the detection pinhole in Airyscan, Zeiss) or indirectly peeling its outer profiles [e.g., through depleting the outer emission region in stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy]. We show that an alternative conceptualization that focuses on maximizing the optical system's frequency shifting ability offers advantages in further improving resolution while reducing system complexity. In NFOMM, a spatial light modulator and a suitably intense laser illumination are used to implement nonlinear focal-field modulation to achieve a transverse spatial resolution of ∼60 nm (∼λ/10). We show that NFOMM is comparable with STED microscopy and suitable for fundamental biology studies, as evidenced in imaging nuclear pore complexes, tubulin and vimentin in Vero cells. Since NFOMM is readily implemented as an add-on module to a laser-scanning microscope, we anticipate wide utility of this new imaging technique.
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U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.193901
DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.193901
M3 - Article
C2 - 29799223
AN - SCOPUS:85047745430
VL - 120
JO - Physical Review Letters
JF - Physical Review Letters
SN - 0031-9007
IS - 19
M1 - 193901
ER -