TY - JOUR
T1 - Non-invasive nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of male and female embryo metabolites during in vitro embryo culture
AU - Rubessa, Marcello
AU - Ambrosi, Andrea
AU - Gonzalez-Pena, Dianelys
AU - Polkoff, Kathryn M.
AU - Wheeler, Matthew B.
N1 - Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Professor Scott E. Denmark for this helpful discussions, the generous use of his lab and the 750-MHz Agilent VNS750NB spectrometer. This work was partially funded by the University of Illinois Experiment Station and the U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture via Multistate Research Project W-2171, #ILLU-538-347.
PY - 2018/9/1
Y1 - 2018/9/1
N2 - Introduction: In the past 20+ years, several studies of bovine embryo production showed how the ratio of male to female embryos changes if embryos are made in vivo or in vitro. It is known that in in vitro systems, the sex ratio is in favor of males when there are high levels of glucose, and favors females when the principal energetic substrate is one other than glucose, like citrate. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the embryo metabolism during three important periods of in vitro development: the early development (from day 1 until day 3), the middle of culture (day 3 until day 5), and later development (day 5 until day 7). Methods: To obtain this information we evaluated the spent medium from each time period by 1 H NMR. Results: Our results confirm that embryo metabolism is different between sexes. The new information obtained by identifies markers that we can use to predict the embryo sex. Conclusion: These results open a new, non-invasive method to evaluate sex of the embryos before the transfer. In the first period of embryo culture, valine concentration is good indicator (66.7% accurate), while in the last phase of culture, pyruvate depletion is the best marker (64% accurate) to evaluate the sex of the embryo.
AB - Introduction: In the past 20+ years, several studies of bovine embryo production showed how the ratio of male to female embryos changes if embryos are made in vivo or in vitro. It is known that in in vitro systems, the sex ratio is in favor of males when there are high levels of glucose, and favors females when the principal energetic substrate is one other than glucose, like citrate. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the embryo metabolism during three important periods of in vitro development: the early development (from day 1 until day 3), the middle of culture (day 3 until day 5), and later development (day 5 until day 7). Methods: To obtain this information we evaluated the spent medium from each time period by 1 H NMR. Results: Our results confirm that embryo metabolism is different between sexes. The new information obtained by identifies markers that we can use to predict the embryo sex. Conclusion: These results open a new, non-invasive method to evaluate sex of the embryos before the transfer. In the first period of embryo culture, valine concentration is good indicator (66.7% accurate), while in the last phase of culture, pyruvate depletion is the best marker (64% accurate) to evaluate the sex of the embryo.
KW - Development
KW - Embryo
KW - Gender selection
KW - In vitro fertilization
KW - Livestock
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U2 - 10.1007/s11306-018-1414-0
DO - 10.1007/s11306-018-1414-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 30830365
AN - SCOPUS:85052508929
SN - 1573-3882
VL - 14
JO - Metabolomics
JF - Metabolomics
IS - 9
M1 - 113
ER -