TY - JOUR
T1 - NGC 2022, a case study of a multiple-shell planetary nebula
AU - Montoro-Molina, B.
AU - Guerrero, M. A.
AU - Santamaría, E.
AU - Toalá, J. A.
AU - Chu, Y. H.
AU - Ramos-Larios, G.
AU - Infante-Sainz, R.
AU - Akhlaghi, M.
AU - Eskandarlou, S.
AU - López-Sanjuan, C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
PY - 2023/9/1
Y1 - 2023/9/1
N2 - We present a detailed study of the physical properties, history of mass loss, and chemical abundances of the planetary nebula NGC 2022. New imaging observations obtained with the OAJ/JAST80 and NOT/ALFOSC confirm the presence of a faint ∼88 arcsec halo surrounding a double-layered elliptical structure that consists of a bright 21.4 × 16.7 arcsec inner shell and a 32 arcsec diameter envelope. The long-slit high-dispersion echelle observations obtained with MES on the OAN-SPM 2.1-m telescope can be well described by a shape model with expansion velocities of 43 ± 3 and 34 ± 3 km s-1 along the major and minor axes of the elliptical inner shell, respectively. In addition, a deep long-slit high-dispersion echelle observation made with the KPNO 4-m telescope detected line-splitting in the faint halo, revealing an expansion velocity of 15.5 ± 2 km s-1. We have also used new intermediate-dispersion optical spectra with the NOT, complemented with IUE data, to study the chemical abundances of each shell. The abundances of the three shells are typical of a Type II in the Peimbert classification of PNe and do not exhibit any notable anomalies. Finally, we estimate the total mass of NGC 2022 to be ≈0.9 M⊙>, which consists of 0.64 M⊙> from the CSPN and 0.1, 0.11, and 0.1 × M⊙> from the ionized inner shell, outer shell, and halo, respectively.
AB - We present a detailed study of the physical properties, history of mass loss, and chemical abundances of the planetary nebula NGC 2022. New imaging observations obtained with the OAJ/JAST80 and NOT/ALFOSC confirm the presence of a faint ∼88 arcsec halo surrounding a double-layered elliptical structure that consists of a bright 21.4 × 16.7 arcsec inner shell and a 32 arcsec diameter envelope. The long-slit high-dispersion echelle observations obtained with MES on the OAN-SPM 2.1-m telescope can be well described by a shape model with expansion velocities of 43 ± 3 and 34 ± 3 km s-1 along the major and minor axes of the elliptical inner shell, respectively. In addition, a deep long-slit high-dispersion echelle observation made with the KPNO 4-m telescope detected line-splitting in the faint halo, revealing an expansion velocity of 15.5 ± 2 km s-1. We have also used new intermediate-dispersion optical spectra with the NOT, complemented with IUE data, to study the chemical abundances of each shell. The abundances of the three shells are typical of a Type II in the Peimbert classification of PNe and do not exhibit any notable anomalies. Finally, we estimate the total mass of NGC 2022 to be ≈0.9 M⊙>, which consists of 0.64 M⊙> from the CSPN and 0.1, 0.11, and 0.1 × M⊙> from the ionized inner shell, outer shell, and halo, respectively.
KW - (ISM:) planetary nebulae: general
KW - (ISM:) planetary nebulae: individual: (NGC 2022)
KW - stars: evolution
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U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad1915
DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad1915
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85165902227
SN - 0035-8711
VL - 524
SP - 1601
EP - 1614
JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
IS - 2
ER -