@article{e47ea43c30964e6cb2540e8243f440e1,
title = "New Dates and Carbon Isotope Assays of Purported Middle Woodland Maize from the Icehouse Bottom and Edwin Harness Sites",
abstract = "Accelerated mass spectrometry (AMS) and carbon isotope analyses provide strong tandem methodologies used by archaeologists to evaluate and reevaluate the histories of maize use in the Midwest. In this article, we present newly obtained AMS dates and carbon isotope assays of alleged maize samples from the Icehouse Bottom (40MR23) and Edwin Harness sites (22RO33). Based on original studies, samples were thought to date to the Middle Woodland period (ca. 300 BC-AD 400). The results show that samples either were not maize or date to post-AD 900. As of this finding, there are no longer any securely dated Middle Woodland macrobotanical remains of maize from the Eastern Woodlands of North America.",
keywords = "AMS, Middle Woodland, Midwestern United States, carbon isotope, maize",
author = "Simon, {Mary L.} and Hollenbach, {Kandace D.} and Redmond, {Brian G.}",
note = "Funding Information: The lead author would like to thank her colleagues, past and present, from the Illinois State Archaeological Survey (ISAS), University of Illinois, for their help and support. In particular, I would like to thank Dr. Thomas Emerson, Director Emeritus, for his unfailing support of my ongoing project investigating the antiquity of maize in the Eastern Woodlands. Mary King, ISAS Research Archaeologist, scanned the Edwin Harness samples for additional maize fragments (none were found). Mathew Fort, ISAS and ISGS, processed the samples and created and for publication. was created by John Lambert, ISAS, for my 2019 Plains Conference presentation. Four of the AMS dates reported in this article were funded by ISAS, initiated under the direction of Dr. Emerson and completed under the direction of current director Dr. Timothy Pauketat. Two additional dates were funded by the Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee. I would also like to thank my coauthors, Dr. Kandace Hollenbach and Dr. Brian Redmond, for agreeing to take on this project and submit old samples for reevaluation. Without their help, this study could not have been conducted. We also thank Dr. Jeff Chapman and Dr. Tim Baumann at the McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, for their guidance in selecting Icehouse Bottom samples. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for American Archaeology.",
year = "2021",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1017/aaq.2020.117",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "86",
pages = "613--624",
journal = "American Antiquity",
issn = "0002-7316",
publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
number = "3",
}