@article{438787b593da40b49d3d7d90e559fa09,
title = "Natural West Nile Virus Infections in Captive Raised American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos)",
abstract = "A presumptive natural West Nile virus outbreak occurred in 23 of 27 captive American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) located in Starkville, Mississippi. Twenty-one birds were confirmed positive through either reverse transcriptase PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) or complement fixation serological testing. Two additional birds were presumed positive by histological changes typically ascribed to West Nile virus. Two of the 23 infected pelicans had been previously implanted with a temperature monitor and served as case studies. These birds began showing clinical signs in July on day 27 and 30 post-placement, preceded by a reduction in food intake one day prior in both cases. Initial clinical signs observed in both birds included wing droop and lethargy and within 72 hours both birds displayed increased agitation and aggression during feeding. Here we detail the progression of disease caused by West Nile virus in two cases.",
keywords = "American White Pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, West Nile virus, mortality",
author = "Ferguson, {Treena L.} and King, {D. Tommy} and Rude, {Brian J.} and Wes Baumgartner and Huston, {Carla L.} and Bronson Strickland and Cunningham, {Fred L.}",
note = "All applicable ethical guidelines for the use of birds in research have been followed, including those presented in the Ornithological Council's {"}Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research{"} (Fair et al. 2010). This research was conducted under U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) study protocol QA-1794. All experiments were performed with applicable Federal and State permits (e.g., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Scientific Collecting Permit MB019065-2). This research was supported by USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center (Agreements 11-7428-0800 and 13-7428-0980) and Mississippi State University, Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture. Additional funding for this research was provided by the Forest and Wildlife Research Center of Mississippi Agricultural Forestry Experiment Station, MAFES (Aquaculture unit), Berryman Institute (East), the MSU College of Veterinary Medicine and the Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences. We would like to thank all committee members, graduate students, USDA employees and volunteers who helped during this study for their hard work and time: B. Leopold, L. Pote, B. C. Altman, C. Brown, N. Alberson, S. Easley, G. Rosser, M. Assenmacher, M. Sovada, S. Lemmons, P. Fioranelli, K. Dorr, R. Middleton, J. Cooley, and A. Bartos. We also thank anonymous reviewers for providing helpful reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript.",
year = "2023",
month = feb,
day = "8",
doi = "10.1675/063.045.0211",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "45",
pages = "206--212",
journal = "Waterbirds",
issn = "1524-4695",
publisher = "The Waterbird Society",
number = "2",
}