@article{439d74955ade4c418464ebcc32dd454f,
title = "Nanometer-scale order in amorphous Ge2Sb2Te 5 analyzed by fluctuation electron microscopy",
abstract = "The phase change material Ge2 Sb2 Te5 is widely investigated for use in nonvolatile memories. It has been reported that the crystallization speed depends on the thermal history, indicating that structural differences exist between amorphous states. The authors apply fluctuation electron microscopy to quantify differences in the nanometer-scale structural order between several amorphous states of Ge2 Sb2 Te5. All as-deposited films are found to contain ordered regions. Thermal annealing below the crystallization threshold increases the nanoscale order, and such samples crystallize slightly more rapidly. The authors hypothesize that the nanoscale ordered regions act as the nuclei for crystallization, with the largest regions being the most significant.",
author = "Kwon, {Min Ho} and Lee, {Bong Sub} and Bogle, {Stephanie N.} and Nittala, {Lakshmi N.} and Bishop, {Stephen G.} and Abelson, {John R.} and Simone Raoux and Cheong, {Byung Ki} and Kim, {Ki Bum}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank P. Craig Taylor, Jared K. Olson, and Heng Li at University of Utah for supplying samples. TEM analysis was carried out in the Center for Microanalysis of Materials at the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, which is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DEFG02-91-ER45439. This work is funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-04-12939 and by Korea Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy under “the National Research Program for 0.1 Terabit Non-Volatile Memory Development.” The authors also acknowledge the BK-21 program of Korea for supporting the visit of one of the authors (M.-H.K.) to UIUC.",
year = "2007",
doi = "10.1063/1.2430067",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "90",
journal = "Applied Physics Letters",
issn = "0003-6951",
publisher = "American Institute of Physics Publising LLC",
number = "2",
}