Multiperiod stochastic programming for biomass supply chain design under spatiotemporal variability of feedstock supply

Spatiotemporal uncertainties in the collection of crop residues pose great challenges to the development of a long-term and economic biomass-to-biofuel supply chain network (BSCN). A multiperiod stochastic programming (SP) model considering uncertain collectible corn stover removal and farmer participation rates is developed. The SP model is compared with the deterministic programming for the expected scenario (DPES) model to provide decision-making support for BSCN in two different periods. With the statistical results of separate deterministic programming models for each scenario generated randomly based on the normal distribution as a reference, the economic performance of the SP and DPES models is compared in the model development period and then confirmed in the model validation period. A county-level case study with a 10-year development and a 3-year validation period is applied. The economic performance of the SP model is comparable to that of the DPES model in the development period, and the SP model achieves much higher cost savings in the validation period. Although biomass transportation cost is the most unstable cost component, the variation in bioethanol production cost is largely consistent with that in biomass purchase cost. The SP model demonstrates stronger robustness to uncertainty than the DPES model.