@article{213884bdae5b4dfeb1771522e133d2a5,
title = "Monitoring reactivation of latent HIV by label-free gradient light interference microscopy",
abstract = "Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can infect cells and take a quiescent and nonexpressive state called latency. In this study, we report insights provided by label-free, gradient light interference microscopy (GLIM) about the changes in dry mass, diameter, and dry mass density associated with infected cells that occur upon reactivation. We discovered that the mean cell dry mass and mean diameter of latently infected cells treated with reactivating drug, TNF-α, are higher for latent cells that reactivate than those of the cells that did not reactivate. Cells with mean dry mass and diameter less than approximately 10 pg and 8 μm, respectively, remain exclusively in the latent state. Also, cells with mean dry mass greater than approximately 28-30 pg and mean diameter greater than 11–12 μm have a higher probability of reactivating. This study is significant as it presents a new label-free approach to quantify latent reactivation of a virus in single cells.",
keywords = "immunology, optics, virology",
author = "Neha Goswami and Yiyang Lu and Kandel, {Mikhail E.} and Fanous, {Michael J.} and Kathrin Bohn-Wippert and Tevonian, {Erin N.} and Dar, {Roy D.} and Gabriel Popescu",
note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge the following grants to support this study: National Institutes of Health (R01GM129709, R01CA238191) and National Science Foundation (0939511, 1450962, 1353368) (awarded to G.P.). E.N.T. acknowledges support provided by the Cancer Scholars Program at UIUC. Y.L. K.B-W. and R.D.D. acknowledge support from NIH NIAID (AI120746) and NSF CAREER (1943740). Authors would also like to acknowledge Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory members, Dr. Chenfei Hu and Yuchen R. He for informative discussions and GLIM instrument support. G.P. and R.D.D. proposed the project. Y.L. K.B-W. and E.N.T. designed and performed mammalian cell culture and contributed to protocol development. N.G. and Y.L. prepared the sample. N.G. M.E.K. and M.J.F. performed the dual-channel imaging. Y.L. conducted flow cytometry experiments. N.G. performed image processing and quantitative analysis. N.G. wrote the manuscript with contribution from all authors. G.P. and R.D.D. supervised the project and manuscript preparation. G.P. has financial interests in Phi Optics, Inc. which is a company that produces QPI instruments, including the GLIM module used in this study. The rest of the authors declare no competing interests. Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge the following grants to support this study: National Institutes of Health ( R01GM129709 , R01CA238191 ) and National Science Foundation ( 0939511 , 1450962 , 1353368 ) (awarded to G.P.). E.N.T. acknowledges support provided by the Cancer Scholars Program at UIUC . Y.L., K.B-W., and R.D.D. acknowledge support from NIH NIAID ( AI120746 ) and NSF CAREER ( 1943740 ). Authors would also like to acknowledge Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory members, Dr. Chenfei Hu and Yuchen R. He for informative discussions and GLIM instrument support. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021",
year = "2021",
month = aug,
day = "20",
doi = "10.1016/j.isci.2021.102940",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "24",
journal = "iScience",
issn = "2589-0042",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "8",
}