@article{abef4eaaf4d742ee8cb4262f4b400921,
title = "Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus)",
abstract = "The evolutionary and biogeographic history of West Indian boid snakes (Epicrates), a group of nine species and 14 subspecies, was once thought to be well understood; however, new research has indicated that we are missing a clear understanding of the evolutionary relationships of this group. Here, we present the first multilocus, species-tree based analyses of the evolutionary relationships, divergence times, and historical biogeography of this clade with data from 10 genes and 6256. bp. We find evidence for a single colonization of the Caribbean from mainland South America in the Oligocene or early Miocene, followed by a radiation throughout the Greater Antilles and Bahamas. These findings support the previous suggestion that Epicrates sensu lato Wagler is paraphyletic with respect to the anacondas (Eunectes Wagler), and hence we restrict Epicrates to the mainland clade and use the available name Chilabothrus Dum{\'e}ril and Bibron for the West Indian clade. Our results suggest some diversification occurred within island banks, though most species divergence events seem to have occurred in allopatry. We also find evidence for a remarkable diversification within the Bahamian archipelago suggesting that the recognition of another Bahamian endemic species C. strigilatus is warranted.",
keywords = "Biogeography, Boidae, Epicrates, Evolution, Phylogenetics, West Indies",
author = "Reynolds, {R. Graham} and Niemiller, {Matthew L.} and Hedges, {S. Blair} and Alex Dornburg and Puente-Rol{\'o}n, {Alberto R.} and Revell, {Liam J.}",
note = "Funding Information: We are very appreciative of the following individuals and institutions for use of tissue subsamples: J. Murray, R. Potts, R. Platenberg, B. Hughes and the Tennessee Aquarium, P. Colclough and B. Moxley of the Knoxville Zoo, T. Reynolds, C. Innis and the New England Aquarium, J. Vindum and the California Academy of Sciences, and G. Schneider and R. Nussbaum and the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. All field-collected samples were obtained under University of Massachusetts Boston Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Protocol no. 2011006, and the following permits: Turks and Caicos Islands : Department of Environment and Coastal Resources permit #s 1-4 RGReynolds (to R.G.R.), CITES-PLS-W-2008-54 (to R.G.R.), and CITES-GDT-2000-001 (to S.B.H.); Puerto Rico : Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambientales permit #2012-EPE-001, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Native Endangered Species Recovery Permit # TE63270A-0, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Special Use Permit # CNF-2118 (all to R.G.R.); Bahamas : Department of Agriculture and the Bahamas Environment, Science & Technology Commission, Ministry of the Environment, CITES-318716/01 (to R. Potts), and CITES-2012/453 (to RGR); U.S. Virgin Islands : Division of Fish and Wildlife, Government of the Virgin Islands, in litt. 5 March 2012 (to S.B.H.); Dominican Republic : Direcci{\'o}n Nacional de Parques Permiso 1.18, 2.38, 4.15, 5.20 (to S.B.H); Museo Nacional Historia Natural 609 (to S.B.H.); Departamento Vida Sivestre 12/7/91, 0950/2006, and CITES-003160 (to S.B.H. & R. Thomas); Haiti : Ministere de l{\textquoteright}Agriculture, des Ressources Naturelles et du Developpement Rural, DRN/DIR/0047/85 (to S.B.H.); Cuba (U.S. Naval Base): U.S. Department of Defense, in litt. 24 March 1987 (to S.B.H.), and Museo Nacional de Historia Natural No. 19/8/89 (to S.B.H.). R.G.R. and L.J.R. are supported by the Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston. S.B.H. was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. We thank E.J. Forrestel for comments on the manuscript. ",
year = "2013",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1016/j.ympev.2013.04.029",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "68",
pages = "461--470",
journal = "Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution",
issn = "1055-7903",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
number = "3",
}