TY - JOUR
T1 - Molecular and genetic characterization of ethylene insensitive mutants in snapdragon
AU - Heffron, Leslie M.
AU - Korban, Schuyler S.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the late Dr. Alan D. Blowers, Ball Horticultural Co., and Dr. Michael Uchneat, now at Penn State University, for providing seed material and support. We also like to thank Dr. Jackie Nugent (National University of Ireland) for providing us with snapdragon ACS genes.
Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Jonathan Baldwin Turner Graduate Fellowship, a grant from Ball Horticultural, Inc., Eugene S. Boerner Scholarship Award, and the ACES Office of Research project 65-325.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Developmental regulation of vegetative and floral tissues in five ethylene insensitive snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) mutants and the inbred line OAK564 were investigated using five 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate acid synthase (ACS) coding genes and two ETHYLENE RESPONSE (ETR) receptor coding genes, all cloned from A. majus. A semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess expression patterns of these genes in four vegetative tissues and six stages of floral development. In both vegetative and floral tissues of snapdragon, AmACS1, AmACS6, AmACS7, AmACS18, AmACS3, AmETR1, and AmETR2 were expressed at varying levels in the different mutant and inbred lines. Gene expression patterns were also investigated when floral shoots were exposed to 250 µM 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) either with or without pre-treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a compound that binds to ethylene receptor sites in plants delaying ethylene damage in susceptible plants. In some mutant lines, including 9296-5-B, 9296-5-G, 9294-14-C, and cv. Maryland True Pink, 1-MCP inhibited expression of some ACS and ETR genes. This indicated that 1-MCP played an inhibitory role in expression of these genes in these lines. Moreover, crosses between seven ethylene mutants and the inbred control OAK564 were conducted, and F1, BC1, and selfed (M4) seeds were screened with 5 µM ACC. It was observed that all mutants were stable for ethylene tolerance at the seedling stage. Moreover, these ethylene mutations were deemed recessive, while observed gene complementation between several mutant lines indicated that genotypes representing four different genetic loci were involved.
AB - Developmental regulation of vegetative and floral tissues in five ethylene insensitive snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) mutants and the inbred line OAK564 were investigated using five 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate acid synthase (ACS) coding genes and two ETHYLENE RESPONSE (ETR) receptor coding genes, all cloned from A. majus. A semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess expression patterns of these genes in four vegetative tissues and six stages of floral development. In both vegetative and floral tissues of snapdragon, AmACS1, AmACS6, AmACS7, AmACS18, AmACS3, AmETR1, and AmETR2 were expressed at varying levels in the different mutant and inbred lines. Gene expression patterns were also investigated when floral shoots were exposed to 250 µM 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) either with or without pre-treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a compound that binds to ethylene receptor sites in plants delaying ethylene damage in susceptible plants. In some mutant lines, including 9296-5-B, 9296-5-G, 9294-14-C, and cv. Maryland True Pink, 1-MCP inhibited expression of some ACS and ETR genes. This indicated that 1-MCP played an inhibitory role in expression of these genes in these lines. Moreover, crosses between seven ethylene mutants and the inbred control OAK564 were conducted, and F1, BC1, and selfed (M4) seeds were screened with 5 µM ACC. It was observed that all mutants were stable for ethylene tolerance at the seedling stage. Moreover, these ethylene mutations were deemed recessive, while observed gene complementation between several mutant lines indicated that genotypes representing four different genetic loci were involved.
KW - Antirrhinum majus L
KW - Ethylene biosynthesis genes
KW - Ethylene receptor genes
KW - Ethylene-insensitive mutants
KW - Gene expression profiles
KW - Gene regulation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85136934079&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85136934079&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10725-022-00895-w
DO - 10.1007/s10725-022-00895-w
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85136934079
SN - 0167-6903
VL - 98
SP - 625
EP - 639
JO - Plant Growth Regulation
JF - Plant Growth Regulation
IS - 3
ER -