Modern accelerator technologies for geographic information science

Geographic Information System (GIS) enables heterogeneous geospatial data integration, processing, analysis, and visualization. With a variety of software tools, GIS makes substantial contribution to the advancements of science, engineering and decision-making in geospatial-related natural and social sciences, public safety and emergency response, spatial intelligence analytics and military operations, ecological and environmental science and engineering, and public health. Geospatial data represents real-world geographic features or objects using either vector or raster data models. In the vector model, features are captured as discrete geometric objects and represented as points, lines or polygons with non-spatial attributes. In the raster model, features are represented on a grid, or as a multidimensional matrix, including satellite imagery and other remotely sensed data.