Model-Based Image Coding: Advanced Video Coding Techniques for Very Low Bit-Rate Applications

In this paper, model-based approaches applied to image coding are overviewed by looking at the point of view of image source models. Different from various conventional waveform coding methods, in these model-based schemes, some sense of 3-D properties of the scenes are taken into consideration. They recently become attracting attention because they can potentially achieve very low bit rate image transmission. 2-D model and 3-D model based approaches are explained. Among them, a 3-D model based method using a 3-D facial model and a 2-D model based method utilizing 2-D deformable triangular patches are described. Works related to 3-D model-based coding of facial images and remaining problems are also described.