Methylglyoxal enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity by activating protein kinase Cδ

Jonathan P. Godbout, James Pesavento, Matthew E. Hartman, Scott R. Manson, Gregory G. Freund

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    Abstract

    The cytotoxic side effects of anti-neoplastic drugs are increased in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus by a mechanism that is not clearly defined. We report that the circulating glucose metabolite, methylglyoxal (MGO), enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis by activating protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ). We found that treatment of myeloma cells with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine completely blocked cisplatin-dependent intracellular GSH oxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and apoptosis. Importantly, co-treatment of cells with the reactive carbonyl MGO and cisplatin increased apoptosis by 90% over the expected additive effect of combined MGO and cisplatin treatment. This same synergism was also observed when ROS generation was examined. MGO and cisplatin increased PKCδ activity by 4-fold, and this effect was blocked by the PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin but not by NAC. Furthermore, rottlerin blocked combined MGO and cisplatin-induced ROS generation and apoptosis. Finally, MGO and cisplatin induced c-Abl activation and c-Abl:PKCδ association. Rottlerin blocked c-Abl activation, but the c-Abl inhibitor STI-571 increased MGO and cisplatin-induced apoptosis by 50%. Taken together these data indicate that MGO synergistically enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis through activation of PKCδ and that PKCδ is critical to both cell death and cell survival pathways. These findings suggest that in the patient with diabetes mellitus heightened oxidative stress can enhance the cytotoxicity of agents that induce DNA damage.

    Original languageEnglish (US)
    Pages (from-to)2554-2561
    Number of pages8
    JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry
    Volume277
    Issue number4
    DOIs
    StatePublished - Jan 25 2002

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Biology
    • Cell Biology

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