Mediation of pyrethroid insecticide toxicity to honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases

Agriculture & Biology

• pyrethroid insecticides 91%
• Apidae 84%
• fluvalinate 83%
• pyrethrins 78%
• piperonyl butoxide 71%
• honey bees 68%
• cytochrome P-450 67%
• Hymenoptera 59%
• metabolic detoxification 57%
• toxicity 49%
• maleates 48%
• carboxylesterase 45%
• synergism 39%
• cyfluthrin 26%
• parasitic mites 25%
• lambda-cyhalothrin 24%
• honey bee colonies 22%
• insecticide resistance 20%
• Apis mellifera 18%
• glutathione transferase 17%
• bees 16%
• insecticides 14%
• insects 11%
• enzymes 8%
• testing 7%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• honey 96%
• bee 89%
• cytochrome 79%
• toxicity 53%
• detoxification 35%
• synergism 26%
• inhibitor 19%
• tolerance 18%
• cyhalothrin 16%
• mite 13%
• enzyme 8%
• effect 2%