Measurement and modeling of heat transfer across interfacial mold flux layers

Surface quality problems in continuous cast steel are greatly affected by heat transfer across the interfacial layers in the gap between the solidifying steel shell and the mold. An experimental apparatus has been constructed to measure temperatures in the steel, mold flux layers, and copper under conditions approximating those in continuous casting. The flux solidified in multiple layers similar to those observed from continuous casting molds and contained many gas bubbles. Flux conductivities average about 1.0 W/m·K and appear to evolve with time. Contact resistances at both interfaces are significant and average about 0.0015 m²·K/W. Flux crystallization appears to be the only significant effect of flux composition. The one glassy flux tested had much greater thermal conductivities, presumably due to radiation transport. Temperature and gap thickness had a negligible effect on the properties. These properties depend on the model used to extract them. They are being implemented into a mathematical model to simulate heat transfer in the mold, interface, and solidifying shell of a continuous slab-casting machine.