TY - JOUR
T1 - Maternal supplementation with cobalt sources, folic acid, and rumen-protected methionine and its effects on molecular and functional correlates of the immune system in neonatal Holstein calves
AU - Lopes, M. G.
AU - Alharthi, A. S.
AU - Lopreiato, V.
AU - Abdel-Hamied, E.
AU - Liang, Y.
AU - Coleman, D. N.
AU - Dai, H.
AU - Corrêa, M. N.
AU - Socha, M. T.
AU - Ballou, M. A.
AU - Trevisi, E.
AU - Loor, J. J.
N1 - M. Gomes Lopes was supported in part by a fellowship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES, finance Code 001) and by Hatch funds under project ILLU-538-914, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Washington, DC). A. S. Alharthi received a fellowship from King Saud University to perform his PhD studies at the University of Illinois (Urbana). Y. Liang and H. Dai were recipients of doctoral fellowships from China Scholarship Council (Beijing, China) to perform PhD studies at the University of Illinois (Urbana). E. Abdel-Hamied was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the government of the Arab Republic of Egypt. We thank Perdue AgriBusiness for the donation of ProvAAL2 AADvantage during the course of the experiment. We also thank ADM Animal Nutrition for the donation of SoyChlor during the course of the experiment. Zinpro Corporation had a role in the study design and provided financial support to cover costs of animal use, data collection, and sample analyses. The cobalt pectin and folic acid products used in this study are products in development at Zinpro Corporation, and it is the intent of Zinpro Corporation to eventually commercialize the cobalt pectin product and a folic acid product. One of the authors of this paper, M. T. Socha, is an employee of Zinpro Corporation. The authors have not stated any other conflicts of interest.
M. Gomes Lopes was supported in part by a fellowship from Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior ? Brazil (CAPES, finance Code 001) and by Hatch funds under project ILLU-538-914, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Washington, DC). A. S. Alharthi received a fellowship from King Saud University to perform his PhD studies at the University of Illinois (Urbana). Y. Liang and H. Dai were recipients of doctoral fellowships from China Scholarship Council (Beijing, China) to perform PhD studies at the University of Illinois (Urbana). E. Abdel-Hamied was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the government of the Arab Republic of Egypt. We thank Perdue AgriBusiness for the donation of ProvAAL2 AADvantage during the course of the experiment. We also thank ADM Animal Nutrition for the donation of SoyChlor during the course of the experiment. Zinpro Corporation had a role in the study design and provided financial support to cover costs of animal use, data collection, and sample analyses. The cobalt pectin and folic acid products used in this study are products in development at Zinpro Corporation, and it is the intent of Zinpro Corporation to eventually commercialize the cobalt pectin product and a folic acid product. One of the authors of this paper, M. T. Socha, is an employee of Zinpro Corporation. The authors have not stated any other conflicts of interest.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - Calves born to multiparous Holstein cows fed during the last 30 d of pregnancy 2 different cobalt sources [cobalt glucoheptonate (CoPro) or cobalt pectin (CoPectin)], folic acid (FOA), and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) were used to study neonatal immune responses after ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Groups were (n = 12 calves/group) CoPro, FOA+CoPro, FOA+CoPectin, and FOA+CoPectin+RPM. Calves were weighed at birth and blood collected at birth (before colostrum), 21 d of age, and 42 d of age (at weaning). Growth performance was recorded once a week during the first 6 wk of age. Energy metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status were assessed at birth through various plasma biomarkers. Whole blood was challenged with 3 µg/mL of LPS or used for phagocytosis and oxidative burst assays. Target genes evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR in whole blood samples were associated with immune response, antioxidant function, and 1-carbon metabolism. The response in mRNA abundance in LPS challenged versus nonchallenged samples was assessed via Δ = LPS challenged − LPS nonchallenged samples. Phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst activity were measured in neutrophils and monocytes, with data reported as ratio (percentage) of CD14 to CH138A-positive cells. Data including all time points were subjected to ANOVA using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.), with Treatment, Sex, Age, and Treatment × Age as fixed effects. A 1-way ANOVA was used to determine differences at birth, with Treatment and Sex as fixed effects. Calf birth body weight and other growth parameters did not differ between groups. At birth, plasma haptoglobin concentration was lower in FOA+CoPro compared with CoPro calves. We detected no effect for other plasma biomarkers or immune function due to maternal treatments at birth. Compared with CoPro, in response to LPS challenge, whole blood from FOA+CoPectin and FOA+CoPectin+RPM calves had greater mRNA abundance of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). No effect for other genes was detectable. Regardless of maternal treatments, sex-specific responses were observed due to greater plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, paraoxonase, total reactive oxygen metabolites, nitrite, and β-carotene in female versus male calves at birth. In contrast, whole blood from male calves had greater mRNA abundance of IRAK1, CADM1, and ITGAM in response to LPS challenge at birth. The longitudinal analysis of d 0, 21, and 42 data revealed greater bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI) mRNA abundance in whole blood from FOA+CoPectin versus FOA+CoPro calves, coupled with greater abundance in FOA+CoPro compared with CoPro calves. Regardless of maternal treatments, most genes related to cytokines and cytokine receptors (IL1B, IL10, TNF, IRAK1, CXCR1), toll-like receptor pathway (TLR4, NFKB1), adhesion and migration (ICAM1, ITGAM), antimicrobial function (MPO), and antioxidant function (GPX1) were downregulated over time. Phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst activity in both neutrophils and monocytes did not differ due to maternal treatment. Regardless of maternal treatments, we observed an increase in the percentage of neutrophils capable of phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity over time. Overall, these preliminary assessments suggested that maternal supplementation with FOA and Co combined with RPM had effects on a few plasma biomarkers of inflammation at birth and molecular responses associated with inflammatory mechanisms during the neonatal period.
AB - Calves born to multiparous Holstein cows fed during the last 30 d of pregnancy 2 different cobalt sources [cobalt glucoheptonate (CoPro) or cobalt pectin (CoPectin)], folic acid (FOA), and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) were used to study neonatal immune responses after ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Groups were (n = 12 calves/group) CoPro, FOA+CoPro, FOA+CoPectin, and FOA+CoPectin+RPM. Calves were weighed at birth and blood collected at birth (before colostrum), 21 d of age, and 42 d of age (at weaning). Growth performance was recorded once a week during the first 6 wk of age. Energy metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status were assessed at birth through various plasma biomarkers. Whole blood was challenged with 3 µg/mL of LPS or used for phagocytosis and oxidative burst assays. Target genes evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR in whole blood samples were associated with immune response, antioxidant function, and 1-carbon metabolism. The response in mRNA abundance in LPS challenged versus nonchallenged samples was assessed via Δ = LPS challenged − LPS nonchallenged samples. Phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst activity were measured in neutrophils and monocytes, with data reported as ratio (percentage) of CD14 to CH138A-positive cells. Data including all time points were subjected to ANOVA using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.), with Treatment, Sex, Age, and Treatment × Age as fixed effects. A 1-way ANOVA was used to determine differences at birth, with Treatment and Sex as fixed effects. Calf birth body weight and other growth parameters did not differ between groups. At birth, plasma haptoglobin concentration was lower in FOA+CoPro compared with CoPro calves. We detected no effect for other plasma biomarkers or immune function due to maternal treatments at birth. Compared with CoPro, in response to LPS challenge, whole blood from FOA+CoPectin and FOA+CoPectin+RPM calves had greater mRNA abundance of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). No effect for other genes was detectable. Regardless of maternal treatments, sex-specific responses were observed due to greater plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, paraoxonase, total reactive oxygen metabolites, nitrite, and β-carotene in female versus male calves at birth. In contrast, whole blood from male calves had greater mRNA abundance of IRAK1, CADM1, and ITGAM in response to LPS challenge at birth. The longitudinal analysis of d 0, 21, and 42 data revealed greater bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI) mRNA abundance in whole blood from FOA+CoPectin versus FOA+CoPro calves, coupled with greater abundance in FOA+CoPro compared with CoPro calves. Regardless of maternal treatments, most genes related to cytokines and cytokine receptors (IL1B, IL10, TNF, IRAK1, CXCR1), toll-like receptor pathway (TLR4, NFKB1), adhesion and migration (ICAM1, ITGAM), antimicrobial function (MPO), and antioxidant function (GPX1) were downregulated over time. Phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst activity in both neutrophils and monocytes did not differ due to maternal treatment. Regardless of maternal treatments, we observed an increase in the percentage of neutrophils capable of phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity over time. Overall, these preliminary assessments suggested that maternal supplementation with FOA and Co combined with RPM had effects on a few plasma biomarkers of inflammation at birth and molecular responses associated with inflammatory mechanisms during the neonatal period.
KW - methyl donors
KW - neonatal immunity
KW - nutritional programming
KW - vitamin B
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105588596&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85105588596&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3168/jds.2020-19674
DO - 10.3168/jds.2020-19674
M3 - Article
C2 - 33985772
AN - SCOPUS:85105588596
SN - 0022-0302
VL - 104
SP - 9340
EP - 9354
JO - Journal of Dairy Science
JF - Journal of Dairy Science
IS - 8
ER -