@article{401f613576c84e24a46bd111e9040aa2,
title = "MANGO: An Optical Network to Study the Dynamics of the Earth's Upper Atmosphere",
abstract = "The Mid-latitude All-sky-imaging Network for Geophysical Observations (MANGO) employs a combination of two powerful optical techniques used to observe the dynamics of Earth's upper atmosphere: wide-field imaging and high-resolution spectral interferometry. Both techniques observe the naturally occurring airglow emissions produced in the upper atmosphere at 630.0- and 557.7-nm wavelengths. Instruments are deployed to sites across the continental United States, providing the capability to make measurements spanning mid to sub-auroral latitudes. The current instrument suite in MANGO has six all-sky imagers (ASIs) observing the 630.0-nm emission (integrated between ∼200 and 400 km altitude), six ASIs observing the 557.7-nm emission (integrated between ∼90 and 100 km altitude), and four Fabry-Perot interferometers measuring neutral winds and temperature at these wavelengths. The deployment of additional imagers is planned. The network makes unprecedented observations of the nighttime thermosphere-ionosphere dynamics with the expanded field-of-view provided by the distributed network of instruments. This paper describes the network, the instruments, the data products, and first results from this effort.",
keywords = "instrument network, ionosphere, optical imaging, thermosphere, upper atmosphere, waves",
author = "Bhatt, {A. N.} and Harding, {B. J.} and Makela, {J. J.} and L. Navarro and Lamarche, {L. J.} and T. Valentic and Kendall, {E. A.} and P. Venkatraman",
note = "The imager and FPI data are obtained through the MANGO network operated by SRI and University of Illinois, respectively. Work at the University of California, Berkeley is supported through NSF award AGS-1933077, at SRI International is supported through NSF award AGS-1933013, and at the University of Illinois is supported through NSF award AGS-1932953. The initial MANGO red-line imagers were deployed through NSF award AGS-1452357. We would like to acknowledge the help of Jeffrey Baumgardner and Robert Marshall in developing the first MANGO imager. We thank John Kendall, Geoff Mangus and Mike Greffen for their assistance with developing the MANGO imager enclosures. We thank Steven Chen and Ashton Reimer for their help with setting up first MANGO data servers. We would like to thank the operators and facilitators that made MANGO site installations possible. These include, Joseph Ceradini and Michael Hague at the Capitol Reef Field Station/Utah Valley University (CFS), Bert Kraft and Cynthia Tripp (BRG), Kim Kingery and Dacia and Warren Brandt (MDK), Palisades-Dows Observatory and John Leeson (EIO), Edwin Faughn (FRC), Simon Shepherd and Donald Severns (CVO), Mike Taylor and Donald Rice (BLO), Kyler Kuehn, Jake Tiegs, Benjamin Reed and Khristian Jones\u00A0(LOW), Michelle Creech-Eakman, Rafael Santoro and Chris Salcido at the Magdalena Ridge Observatory (MRO), Don Hampton and Steve Schmidt (BDR), and Tim Young at the Martens Observatory (MTO). The imager and FPI data are obtained through the MANGO network operated by SRI and University of Illinois, respectively. Work at the University of California, Berkeley is supported through NSF award AGS\u20101933077, at SRI International is supported through NSF award AGS\u20101933013, and at the University of Illinois is supported through NSF award AGS\u20101932953. The initial MANGO red\u2010line imagers were deployed through NSF award AGS\u20101452357. We would like to acknowledge the help of Jeffrey Baumgardner and Robert Marshall in developing the first MANGO imager. We thank John Kendall, Geoff Mangus and Mike Greffen for their assistance with developing the MANGO imager enclosures. We thank Steven Chen and Ashton Reimer for their help with setting up first MANGO data servers. We would like to thank the operators and facilitators that made MANGO site installations possible. These include, Joseph Ceradini and Michael Hague at the Capitol Reef Field Station/Utah Valley University (CFS), Bert Kraft and Cynthia Tripp (BRG), Kim Kingery and Dacia and Warren Brandt (MDK), Palisades\u2010Dows Observatory and John Leeson (EIO), Edwin Faughn (FRC), Simon Shepherd and Donald Severns (CVO), Mike Taylor and Donald Rice (BLO), Kyler Kuehn, Jake Tiegs, Benjamin Reed and Khristian Jones (LOW), Michelle Creech\u2010Eakman, Rafael Santoro and Chris Salcido at the Magdalena Ridge Observatory (MRO), Don Hampton and Steve Schmidt (BDR), and Tim Young at the Martens Observatory (MTO).",
year = "2023",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1029/2023JA031589",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "128",
journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
issn = "2169-9380",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "10",
}