LRAir: Non-contact Haptics Using Synthetic Jets

We propose a new scalable, non-contact haptic actuation technique based on a speaker in a ported enclosure which can deliver air pulses to the skin. The technique is low cost, low voltage, and uses existing electronics. We detail a prototype device's design and construction, and validate a multiple domain impedance model with current, voltage, and pressure measurements. A non-linear phenomenon at the port creates pulsed zero-net-mass-flux flows, so-called 'synthetic jets'. Our prototype is capable of 10 mN time averaged thrusts at an air velocity of 10.4 m/s (4.3W input power). A perception study reveals that tactile effects can be detected 25 mm away with only 380 mVrms applied voltage, and 19 mWrms input power.