@article{7dd7f9225bd74fc48c4b02b527f2bf10,
title = "Low-Complexity System and Algorithm for an Emergency Ventilator Sensor and Alarm",
abstract = "In response to anticipated shortages of ventilators caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, many organizations have designed low-cost emergency ventilators. Many of these devices are pressure-cycled pneumatic ventilators, which are easy to produce but often do not include the sensing or alarm features found on commercial ventilators. This work reports a low-cost, easy-to-produce electronic sensor and alarm system for pressure-cycled ventilators that estimates clinically useful metrics such as pressure and respiratory rate and sounds an alarm when the ventilator malfunctions. A low-complexity signal processing algorithm uses a pair of nonlinear recursive envelope trackers to monitor the signal from an electronic pressure sensor connected to the patient airway. The algorithm, inspired by those used in hearing aids, requires little memory and performs only a few calculations on each sample so that it can run on nearly any microcontroller.",
keywords = "Biomedical monitoring, biomedical signal processing, envelope detectors, pressure measurement, ventilators",
author = "Corey, {Ryan M.} and Widloski, {Evan M.} and David Null and Brian Ricconi and Johnson, {Mark A.} and White, {Karen C.} and Amos, {Jennifer R.} and Alexander Pagano and Oelze, {Michael L.} and Switzky, {Rachel D.} and Wheeler, {Matthew B.} and Bethke, {Eliot B.} and Shipley, {Clifford F.} and Singer, {Andrew C.}",
note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received June 19, 2020; accepted August 8, 2020. Date of publication September 1, 2020; date of current version October 15, 2020. This research was supported by the Grainger College of Engineering and the Siebel Center for Design at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and by Carle Health. The work of Ryan M Corey was supported by an appointment to the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor Prof. Maide Bucolo. (Corresponding author: Ryan M. Corey.) Ryan M. Corey, Evan M. Widloski, David Null, Jennifer R. Amos, Alexander Pagano, Michael L. Oelze, Rachel D. Switzky, Matthew B. Wheeler, Eliot B. Bethke, Clifford F. Shipley, and Andrew C. Singer are with the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA (e-mail: corey1@ illinois.edu; evanw3@illinois.edu; null2@illinois.edu; jamos@illinois.edu; apagano2@illinois.edu; oelze@illinois.edu; rswitzky@illinois.edu; mbwheele @illinois.edu; bethke2@illinois.edu; cshipley@illinois.edu; acsinger@ illinois.edu). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 IEEE.",
year = "2020",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1109/TBCAS.2020.3020702",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "14",
pages = "1088--1096",
journal = "IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems",
issn = "1932-4545",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
number = "5",
}