Langmuir-Blodgett films of amphiphilic push-pull porphyrins

A series of nitrophenyl-amidophenyl-substituted porphyrins with n-C₁₇H₃₅ tails have been synthesized and fully characterized. Good Langmuir-Blodgett films of these materials can be prepared on water and transferred successfully to glass slides. Mean molecular areas for the series were measured and found to increase from 80 to 230 Ų as the number of aliphatic chains increased from one to four. As determined by linear dichroic measurements, this change in area does not correspond to a change in the orientation of the porphyrin with respect to the surface. In the absence of the steric constraints of multiple aliphatic chains, porphyrin-porphyrin stacking permits close packing of the rings. As the number of aliphatic chains on the porphyrin periphery increases, however, the porphyrin planes must pack more loosely. Thus, the porphyrin macrocycle orientation is determined by interactions between porphyrin rings and between porphyrins and the aqueous (or polar glass) surface. In contrast, the differences in the observed mean molecular area are determined independently by packing constraints imposed by the pendant hydrocarbon chains.