TY - JOUR
T1 - Laboratory analysis on the surface runoff pollution reduction performance of permeable pavements
AU - Liu, Jia
AU - Yan, Hexiang
AU - Liao, Ziyuan
AU - Zhang, Kui
AU - Schmidt, Arthur R.
AU - Tao, Tao
N1 - This work was partially supported by the China Scholarship Council , the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 51778452 ]; and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai [grant number 17ZR1431700 ]. In addition, the authors thank Wei Chen, Ruicheng Ji, and Ge Yang of the College of Environmental Science and Engineering at Tongji University for assistance with the experiments.
PY - 2019/11/15
Y1 - 2019/11/15
N2 - Permeable pavements are used to address the water quality impacts of urbanization. However, few quantitative relations are available on their pollutant removal performance with respect to varying conditions, especially for different components of a permeable pavement. Individually, the water quality performance of the surface pavement layer and gravel layer of a permeable pavement under various conditions was determined in laboratory-scale pavement cells. Our aim was to reveal the manner in which different factors influence the ability of these two layers to remove total suspended solids (TSS), nutrients, including nitrate (NOx-N), ammonia (NH4-N) and phosphorous (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and heavy metals (copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn)), and to provide quantitative understanding of these influences. The removal efficiencies of most stormwater runoff pollutants showed a significant variation with changing rainfall intensity. NH4-N, NOx-N, TP, and TSS removal exhibited statistically negative linear relationship with rainfall intensity. TSS removal was negatively correlated with TSS concentration for the gravel layer, whereas no obvious trend was observed for the surface pavement layer. The statistical results obtained demonstrate that TSS, NH4-N, NOx-N, TP, and COD were removed mainly by the surface pavement layer. A smaller gravel gradation was more effective for removing most pollutants, except for NOx-N and COD. Positive linear relationships were observed between the gravel layer thickness and pollutant (TSS, TP, NH4-N, Cu, and Cd) removal. More importantly, a simple mathematical model was developed to predict the overall performance of the permeable pavement system. By comparing with the overall measured performance, a good performance was achieved, illustrating its promising application in the design of permeable pavements.
AB - Permeable pavements are used to address the water quality impacts of urbanization. However, few quantitative relations are available on their pollutant removal performance with respect to varying conditions, especially for different components of a permeable pavement. Individually, the water quality performance of the surface pavement layer and gravel layer of a permeable pavement under various conditions was determined in laboratory-scale pavement cells. Our aim was to reveal the manner in which different factors influence the ability of these two layers to remove total suspended solids (TSS), nutrients, including nitrate (NOx-N), ammonia (NH4-N) and phosphorous (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and heavy metals (copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn)), and to provide quantitative understanding of these influences. The removal efficiencies of most stormwater runoff pollutants showed a significant variation with changing rainfall intensity. NH4-N, NOx-N, TP, and TSS removal exhibited statistically negative linear relationship with rainfall intensity. TSS removal was negatively correlated with TSS concentration for the gravel layer, whereas no obvious trend was observed for the surface pavement layer. The statistical results obtained demonstrate that TSS, NH4-N, NOx-N, TP, and COD were removed mainly by the surface pavement layer. A smaller gravel gradation was more effective for removing most pollutants, except for NOx-N and COD. Positive linear relationships were observed between the gravel layer thickness and pollutant (TSS, TP, NH4-N, Cu, and Cd) removal. More importantly, a simple mathematical model was developed to predict the overall performance of the permeable pavement system. By comparing with the overall measured performance, a good performance was achieved, illustrating its promising application in the design of permeable pavements.
KW - Gravel layer
KW - Mathematical model
KW - Permeable pavement design
KW - Stormwater runoff pollutants
KW - Surface pavement layer
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U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.028
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.028
M3 - Article
C2 - 31306873
AN - SCOPUS:85068694612
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 691
SP - 1
EP - 8
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
ER -