Abstract
The natural state of wetland soils is a rich environment for cycling oxidation and reduction (redox) reactions, which can be properly characterized and evaluated only if the methods of analysis do everything possible to preserve the redox balance during sampling and analysis. Iron and Mn are highly susceptible to redox cycling in such natural systems. The purpose of this chapter is to review known methods for handling redox-sensitive samples, for measuring the amount of the respective oxidation states of these two elements, and sample preparation methods for various types of characterizations. The primary oxidation states for Fe in minerals are II or III, whereas Mn in minerals may exist in oxidation states of II, III, or IV. Proper sample handling to minimize redox transformations depends on the use of a septum-sealed inert-atmosphere reaction centrifuge tube (IRT) in which the sample can be reacted and then separated from suspension without being opened to the atmosphere. The fluids can then be removed and replaced without opening the IRT by using a controlled-atmosphere liquid exchanger. An inert-atmosphere glove box, with a freeze-dryer inside, is also used. The Fe oxidation state is quantitatively determined using an HF-H2SO4 digestion, with 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate as the colorimetric indicator. Semiquantitative results may be obtained by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Manganese oxidation states are more difficult to discern, and many methods have been used and are summarized in this chapter. Methods and sample holders are also described by which further analyses of the samples can be made.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Methods in Biogeochemistry of Wetlands |
Publisher | Wiley |
Pages | 701-712 |
Number of pages | 12 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9780891189619 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780891189602 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 1 2015 |
Keywords
- Iron
- Manganese
- Redox reaction
- Sample handling
- Sample preparation method
- Sampling method
- Wetland soils
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Engineering
- General Agricultural and Biological Sciences