TY - JOUR
T1 - Ionic Hydrogels with Biomimetic 4D-Printed Mechanical Gradients
T2 - Models for Soft-Bodied Aquatic Organisms
AU - McCracken, Joselle M.
AU - Rauzan, Brittany M.
AU - Kjellman, Jacob C.E.
AU - Su, Hanxiao
AU - Rogers, Simon A.
AU - Nuzzo, Ralph G.
N1 - J.M.M. and B.M.R. contributed equally to this work. The authors gratefully thank the Army Research Office MURI (W911NF-17-1-0351) for their support of this materials development work. Printing capabilities used in this research were developed by the Army Research Office (W911NF-13-0489), and supporting facilities were developed and maintained by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (DE-FG02-07ER46471). Experiments were carried out in part in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory Central Research Facilities, University of Illinois. The authors thank Kathy Walsh for assistance with modulus measurements, Natalie Becerra-Stasiewicz for assistance with XRF, and Ryan Larsen and Travis Ross for assistance with MRI measurements.
PY - 2019/7/11
Y1 - 2019/7/11
N2 - Direct-ink writing (DIW), a rapidly growing and advancing form of additive manufacturing, provides capacities for on-demand tailoring of materials to meet specific requirements for final designs. The penultimate challenge faced with the increasing demand of customization is to extend beyond modification of shape to create 4D structures, dynamic 3D structures that can respond to stimuli in the local environment. Patterning material gradients is foundational for assembly of 4D structures, however, there remains a general need for useful materials chemistries to generate gray scale gradients via DIW. Here, presented is a simple materials assembly paradigm using DIW to pattern ionotropic gradients in hydrogels. Using structures that architecturally mimic sea-jelly organisms, the capabilities of spatial patterning are highlighted as exemplified by selectively programming the valency of the ion-binding agents. Spatial gradients, when combined with geometry, allow for programming the flexibility and movement of iron oxide nanoparticle–loaded ionotropic hydrogels to generate 4D-printed structures that actuate in the presence of local magnetic fields. This work highlights approaches to 4D design complexity that exploits 3D-printed gray-scale/gradient mechanics.
AB - Direct-ink writing (DIW), a rapidly growing and advancing form of additive manufacturing, provides capacities for on-demand tailoring of materials to meet specific requirements for final designs. The penultimate challenge faced with the increasing demand of customization is to extend beyond modification of shape to create 4D structures, dynamic 3D structures that can respond to stimuli in the local environment. Patterning material gradients is foundational for assembly of 4D structures, however, there remains a general need for useful materials chemistries to generate gray scale gradients via DIW. Here, presented is a simple materials assembly paradigm using DIW to pattern ionotropic gradients in hydrogels. Using structures that architecturally mimic sea-jelly organisms, the capabilities of spatial patterning are highlighted as exemplified by selectively programming the valency of the ion-binding agents. Spatial gradients, when combined with geometry, allow for programming the flexibility and movement of iron oxide nanoparticle–loaded ionotropic hydrogels to generate 4D-printed structures that actuate in the presence of local magnetic fields. This work highlights approaches to 4D design complexity that exploits 3D-printed gray-scale/gradient mechanics.
KW - direct-ink write
KW - hydrogels
KW - ionotropic gradients
KW - materials patterning
KW - nanocomposites
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85064612740&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85064612740&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/adfm.201806723
DO - 10.1002/adfm.201806723
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85064612740
SN - 1616-301X
VL - 29
JO - Advanced Functional Materials
JF - Advanced Functional Materials
IS - 28
M1 - 1806723
ER -