Investigation of Desired Element Pattern Reconfigurability in Small Adaptive Arrays

Pattern reconfigurable antennas implemented in small adaptive arrays can serve as practical solutions in applications, which are limited by available platform space while providing additional degrees of pattern control. This communication integrates the concept of pattern variability directly into an adaptive array optimization routine with a unique pattern reconfigurable antenna element equivalent model, allowing the algorithm to fully leverage the available reconfigurability-which may include individual pattern beam tilts and pattern nulls. Examples showcase the model's impact on adaptive array performance via the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio metric. The results establish a pathway specifying the design requirements for pattern reconfigurable antennas to improve small adaptive array performance, demonstrating that designers should focus on the null steering capability of the antenna element in many cases.