Intrinsic flame instabilities in premixed and nonpremixed combustion

The focus of this article is on intrinsic combustion instabilities in both premixed and nonpremixed systems, identifying, in particular, the roles of differential and preferential diffusion, thermal expansion, and heat losses. For premixed flames, the hydrodynamic instability resulting from thermal expansion plays a central role and is particularly dominant in large-scale flames. It is responsible for the formation of sharp folds and creases in the flame front and for the wrinkling observed over the surface of expanding flames. In contrast, instabilities in diffusion flames, which give rise to cellular and oscillating flames, are mainly driven by diffusive-thermal effects, with thermal expansion playing a secondary role. The discussion also includes instabilities of edge-flames in unmixed reactants, which possess stability characteristics of both premixed and diffusion flames, but with a distinct mode of instability.