@article{8d00d9480f4f48cca5aa3266001c81f9,
title = "Intraoperative visualization of the tumor microenvironment and quantification of extracellular vesicles by label-free nonlinear imaging",
abstract = "Characterization of the tumor microenvironment, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), is important for understanding cancer progression. EV studies have traditionally been performed on dissociated cells, lacking spatial information. Since the distribution of EVs in the tumor microenvironment is associated with cellular function, there is a strong need for visualizing EVs in freshly resected tissues. We intraoperatively imaged untreated human breast tissues using a custom nonlinear imaging system. Label-free optical contrasts of the tissue, correlated with histological findings, enabled point-of-procedure characterization of the tumor microenvironment. EV densities from 29 patients with breast cancer were found to increase with higher histologic grade and shorter tumor-to-margin distance and were significantly higher than those from 7 cancer-free patients undergoing breast reduction surgery. Acquisition and interpretation of these intraoperative images not only provide real-time visualization of the tumor microenvironment but also offer the potential to use EVs as a label-free biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.",
author = "Yi Sun and Sixian You and Haohua Tu and Spillman, {Darold R.} and Chaney, {Eric J.} and Marina Marjanovic and Joanne Li and Ronit Barkalifa and Jianfeng Wang and Higham, {Anna M.} and Luckey, {Natasha N.} and Cradock, {Kimberly A.} and Liu, {Z. George} and Boppart, {Stephen A.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Carle Foundation Hospital and its physicians, surgeons, nursing, and research staff for their clinical collaboration and assistance with this translational Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering and the National Cancer Institute of the NIH under award numbers R01EB023232, R01CA166309, and R01CA213149. One hundred percent of the total project costs was financed with federal money, and 0% of the total costs was financed by nongovernmental sources. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. This work was also supported by an award from the Cancer Scholars for Translational and Applied Research (CSTAR) program of Carle Foundation Hospital, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and the Cancer Center at Illinois. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved;",
year = "2018",
month = dec,
day = "19",
doi = "10.1126/sciadv.aau5603",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "4",
journal = "Science Advances",
issn = "2375-2548",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "12",
}