TY - JOUR
T1 - Intracerebroventricular porcine corticotropin-releasing hormone and cortisol effects on pig immune measures and behavior
AU - Salak-Johnson, Janeen L.
AU - McGlone, John J.
AU - Whisnant, C. Scott
AU - Norman, Reid L.
AU - Kraeling, Robert R.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Theresa Hall and the staff at the Laboratory Animal Resources Center facility at the Texas Tech UniversityH ealth SciencesC enter for technical assistance. The laboratory was supported by funds from the state of Texas Line Item for Efficient Pork Production and by USDA grant 9303469. Texas Tech Universitym anuscriptnumber T-5-359.
PY - 1997/1
Y1 - 1997/1
N2 - The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of porcine corticotropin-releasing hormone (pCRH) and cortisol on the immune system and behavior were examined in domestic pigs. In Experiment 1, 50 μg of pCRH in 200 μl of saline or 200 μl of vehicle was administered ICV at 0600 h. Blood samples were obtained at 0600 (prior to injection), 0700, and 0800 h. Plasma cortisol concentrations were higher at 1 and 2 h after pCRH than after saline. Generally, pCRH failed to effect NK cytotoxicity or lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagluttin (PHA). However, 1 h postinjection, pigs administered pCRH ICV had marginally lower NK activity than control pigs. Pigs injected with pCRH had substantially lower neutrophil chemotaxis (CHTX) than the control pigs at 1 and 2 h postinjection. As blood cortisol concentration increased, neutrophil CHTX decreased. Pigs injected ICV with pCRH had higher neutrophil numbers and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios than control pigs. Percentage of lymphocytes was higher among control than treated pigs. Central pCRH increased overall activity, particularly walking, standing, licking, rooting, and increased activity-related sequences (e.g., sit, walk and stand, walk), but reduced complex oral/nasal sequences (e.g., root, lick). In Experiment 2, pigs were injected ICV with 10 μg of cortisol in 200 μl of saline or with vehicle at 0600 h. Administration of cortisol failed to effect NK cytotoxicity, lymphocyte proliferation, CHTX, or leukocyte distribution. Pigs given cortisol had no apparent change in behavior. These data indicate leukocyte distribution and specific neutrophil function in pigs were significantly modulated by stress-related hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and complexity of behavioral sequences (pigs repeating certain behavioral sequences) associated with increased activity was reduced. Oral/nasal stereotypies (as seen among confined sows) were not elevated among pigs given ICV pCRH. CRH given by ICV administration may serve as a better model for acute rather than chronic stress.
AB - The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of porcine corticotropin-releasing hormone (pCRH) and cortisol on the immune system and behavior were examined in domestic pigs. In Experiment 1, 50 μg of pCRH in 200 μl of saline or 200 μl of vehicle was administered ICV at 0600 h. Blood samples were obtained at 0600 (prior to injection), 0700, and 0800 h. Plasma cortisol concentrations were higher at 1 and 2 h after pCRH than after saline. Generally, pCRH failed to effect NK cytotoxicity or lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagluttin (PHA). However, 1 h postinjection, pigs administered pCRH ICV had marginally lower NK activity than control pigs. Pigs injected with pCRH had substantially lower neutrophil chemotaxis (CHTX) than the control pigs at 1 and 2 h postinjection. As blood cortisol concentration increased, neutrophil CHTX decreased. Pigs injected ICV with pCRH had higher neutrophil numbers and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios than control pigs. Percentage of lymphocytes was higher among control than treated pigs. Central pCRH increased overall activity, particularly walking, standing, licking, rooting, and increased activity-related sequences (e.g., sit, walk and stand, walk), but reduced complex oral/nasal sequences (e.g., root, lick). In Experiment 2, pigs were injected ICV with 10 μg of cortisol in 200 μl of saline or with vehicle at 0600 h. Administration of cortisol failed to effect NK cytotoxicity, lymphocyte proliferation, CHTX, or leukocyte distribution. Pigs given cortisol had no apparent change in behavior. These data indicate leukocyte distribution and specific neutrophil function in pigs were significantly modulated by stress-related hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and complexity of behavioral sequences (pigs repeating certain behavioral sequences) associated with increased activity was reduced. Oral/nasal stereotypies (as seen among confined sows) were not elevated among pigs given ICV pCRH. CRH given by ICV administration may serve as a better model for acute rather than chronic stress.
KW - Behavior Immunity
KW - CRH
KW - Pigs
KW - Stress
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U2 - 10.1016/S0031-9384(96)00315-0
DO - 10.1016/S0031-9384(96)00315-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 8976528
AN - SCOPUS:0031014575
SN - 0031-9384
VL - 61
SP - 15
EP - 23
JO - Physiology and Behavior
JF - Physiology and Behavior
IS - 1
ER -