TY - JOUR
T1 - Intestinal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in a population of beluga whales with high levels of gastrointestinal cancers
AU - Poirier, Miriam C.
AU - Lair, Stéphane
AU - Michaud, Robert
AU - Hernández-Ramon, Elena E.
AU - Divi, Kathyayini V.
AU - Dwyer, Jennifer E.
AU - Ester, Corbin D.
AU - Si, Nancy N.
AU - Ali, Mehnaz
AU - Loseto, Lisa L.
AU - Raverty, Stephen A.
AU - St. Leger, Judith A.
AU - Van Bonn, William G.
AU - Colegrove, Kathleen
AU - Burek-Huntington, Kathleen A.
AU - Suydam, Robert
AU - Stimmelmayr, Raphaela
AU - Wise, John Pierce
AU - Wise, Sandra S.
AU - Beauchamp, Guy
AU - Martineau, Daniel
N1 - Funding Information:
Grant sponsor: Intramural Research Program of the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; Grant number: Z01 BC 005177. Grant sponsor: John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant; Grant number: NA12NMF4390162. Grant sponsor: NOAA Fisheries Alaska Regional Office; Grant number: 932-1905/MA-009526-00. Grant sponsor: National Marine Fisheries Services; Grant number: 16305. Grant sponsor: Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Parks Canada, Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, World Wildlife Fund, the Fonds Aquasantédu Saint-Laurent, and Les Industries Filmar. Grant sponsor: Public Health Agency of Canada. Grant sponsor: Coastal Impact Assistance Program USFWS US DOI; Grant number: F12AF01265.
Funding Information:
We very much appreciate the support from Inuvialuit beluga hunters and monitors from Tuktoyaktuk who kindly provided access and samples from the Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga population. Many thanks also to the community of Point Lay, AK, and the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee for allowing the sampling of subsistence harvested beluga whales and supporting the study. Mouse intestine paraffin blocks were generously provided by Dr. Frederick A. Beland of the National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson AR, USA. The SLE maps with locations of stranded and hunted beluga were kindly provided by Yann Pelcat of the Public Health Geomatics Unit, Public Health Agency of Canada, St. Hyacinthe Qc.
Funding Information:
We very much appreciate the support from Inuvialuit beluga hunters and monitors from Tuktoyaktuk who kindly provided access and samples from the Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga population. Many thanks also to the community of
Publisher Copyright:
Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
PY - 2019/1
Y1 - 2019/1
N2 - Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were disposed directly into the Saguenay River of the St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE) by local aluminum smelters (Quebec, Canada) for 50 years (1926–1976). PAHs in the river sediments are likely etiologically related to gastrointestinal epithelial cancers observed in 7% of 156 mature (>19-year old) adult beluga found dead along the shorelines. Because DNA adduct formation provides a critical link between exposure and cancer induction, and because PAH–DNA adducts are chemically stable, we hypothesized that SLE beluga intestine would contain PAH–DNA adducts. Using an antiserum specific for DNA modified with several carcinogenic PAHs, we stained sections of paraffin-embedded intestine from 51 SLE beluga (0–63 years), 4 Cook Inlet (CI) Alaska beluga (0–26 years), and 20 beluga (0–46 years) living in Arctic areas (Eastern Beaufort Sea, Eastern Chukchi Sea, Point Lay Alaska) and aquaria, all with low PAH contamination. Stained sections showed nuclear light-to-dark pink color indicating the presence of PAH–DNA adducts concentrated in intestinal crypt epithelial lining cells. Scoring of whole tissue sections revealed higher values for the 51 SLE beluga, compared with the 20 Arctic and aquarium beluga (P = 0.003). The H-scoring system, applied to coded individual photomicrographs, confirmed that SLE beluga and CI beluga had levels of intestinal PAH–DNA adducts significantly higher than Arctic and aquarium beluga (P = 0.003 and 0.02, respectively). Furthermore, high levels of intestinal PAH–DNA adducts in four SLE beluga with gastrointestinal cancers, considered as a group, support a link of causality between PAH exposure and intestinal cancer in SLE beluga. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:29–41, 2019. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
AB - Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were disposed directly into the Saguenay River of the St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE) by local aluminum smelters (Quebec, Canada) for 50 years (1926–1976). PAHs in the river sediments are likely etiologically related to gastrointestinal epithelial cancers observed in 7% of 156 mature (>19-year old) adult beluga found dead along the shorelines. Because DNA adduct formation provides a critical link between exposure and cancer induction, and because PAH–DNA adducts are chemically stable, we hypothesized that SLE beluga intestine would contain PAH–DNA adducts. Using an antiserum specific for DNA modified with several carcinogenic PAHs, we stained sections of paraffin-embedded intestine from 51 SLE beluga (0–63 years), 4 Cook Inlet (CI) Alaska beluga (0–26 years), and 20 beluga (0–46 years) living in Arctic areas (Eastern Beaufort Sea, Eastern Chukchi Sea, Point Lay Alaska) and aquaria, all with low PAH contamination. Stained sections showed nuclear light-to-dark pink color indicating the presence of PAH–DNA adducts concentrated in intestinal crypt epithelial lining cells. Scoring of whole tissue sections revealed higher values for the 51 SLE beluga, compared with the 20 Arctic and aquarium beluga (P = 0.003). The H-scoring system, applied to coded individual photomicrographs, confirmed that SLE beluga and CI beluga had levels of intestinal PAH–DNA adducts significantly higher than Arctic and aquarium beluga (P = 0.003 and 0.02, respectively). Furthermore, high levels of intestinal PAH–DNA adducts in four SLE beluga with gastrointestinal cancers, considered as a group, support a link of causality between PAH exposure and intestinal cancer in SLE beluga. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:29–41, 2019. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
KW - Delphinapterus leucas
KW - PAHs
KW - cancer
KW - cetaceans
KW - chemical carcinogens
KW - pollutants
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U2 - 10.1002/em.22251
DO - 10.1002/em.22251
M3 - Article
C2 - 30307653
AN - SCOPUS:85054723414
SN - 0893-6692
VL - 60
SP - 29
EP - 41
JO - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
IS - 1
ER -