TY - JOUR
T1 - Interrogation of spatial metabolome of Ginkgo biloba with high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging
AU - Li, Bin
AU - Neumann, Elizabeth K.
AU - Ge, Junyue
AU - Gao, Wen
AU - Yang, Hua
AU - Li, Ping
AU - Sweedler, Jonathan V.
N1 - Funding Information:
phenolic lipids; U.S. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program; U.S. Department of Energy; 111 Project, Grant/Award Number: B16046; National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/ Award Number: 81773873
Funding Information:
B. L. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81773873). P. L. acknowledges support from the 111 Project (no. B16046). J. V. S. acknowledges support from the Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. E. K. N. acknowledges support from the U.S. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program and the Springborn Fellowship. We also thank Weiwei Tang for his assistance in creating histogram graph. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
PY - 2018/11
Y1 - 2018/11
N2 - Ginkgo biloba is one of the oldest extant seed plants and has a number of unique properties and uses. Numerous efforts have characterized metabolites within the ginkgo plant and their corresponding biosynthesis pathways, but spatio-chemical information on ginkgo metabolites is lacking. Mass spectrometry (MS) imaging was used to interrogate the spatio-chemical localization of metabolites with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and laser desorption/ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance MS across the ginkgo leaf. Flavonoids, particularly unexpected and rare flavonoid cyclodimers, were detected predominately from leaf epidermis; ginkgolic acids and cardanols were observed exclusively in the secretory cavities. A non-uniform distribution of flavonoids observed between the upper and lower leaf epidermis was verified by liquid chromatography–MS analyses. Other metabolites, such as saccharides, phospholipids, and chlorophylls, occurred mainly in mesophyll cells. Furthermore, organ- and tissue-specific distributions of ginkgolides were revealed in the ginkgo root, young stem, and leaf. The acquired ion images provide important information regarding biosynthesis, transportation, and accumulation of metabolites throughout the ginkgo plant and should help us to understand the physiological roles of several plant secondary metabolites.
AB - Ginkgo biloba is one of the oldest extant seed plants and has a number of unique properties and uses. Numerous efforts have characterized metabolites within the ginkgo plant and their corresponding biosynthesis pathways, but spatio-chemical information on ginkgo metabolites is lacking. Mass spectrometry (MS) imaging was used to interrogate the spatio-chemical localization of metabolites with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and laser desorption/ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance MS across the ginkgo leaf. Flavonoids, particularly unexpected and rare flavonoid cyclodimers, were detected predominately from leaf epidermis; ginkgolic acids and cardanols were observed exclusively in the secretory cavities. A non-uniform distribution of flavonoids observed between the upper and lower leaf epidermis was verified by liquid chromatography–MS analyses. Other metabolites, such as saccharides, phospholipids, and chlorophylls, occurred mainly in mesophyll cells. Furthermore, organ- and tissue-specific distributions of ginkgolides were revealed in the ginkgo root, young stem, and leaf. The acquired ion images provide important information regarding biosynthesis, transportation, and accumulation of metabolites throughout the ginkgo plant and should help us to understand the physiological roles of several plant secondary metabolites.
KW - Ginkgo biloba leaf
KW - LDI
KW - MALDI
KW - flavonoids
KW - ginkgolides
KW - phenolic lipids
KW - spatial distribution of metabolite
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U2 - 10.1111/pce.13395
DO - 10.1111/pce.13395
M3 - Article
C2 - 29966033
AN - SCOPUS:85052383996
VL - 41
SP - 2693
EP - 2703
JO - Plant, Cell and Environment
JF - Plant, Cell and Environment
SN - 0140-7791
IS - 11
ER -