@article{c1b6b256b1b94be68ee7362322937e1e,
title = "Interannual Variability of Regional Hadley Circulation and El Ni{\~n}o Interaction",
abstract = "El Ni{\~n}o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) triggers variations of the global Hadley circulation (HC), while the latter may potentially feedback to ENSO events. Previous studies mainly investigated the interactions between ENSO and the global zonal-mean HC. Here, we present a regional perspective of HC variability by introducing zonal variations. Results show that El Ni{\~n}o intensifies the regional HC over the central-eastern Pacific, while weakening the regional HC over both the Indo-Pacific warm pool and the tropical Atlantic. The background seasonal cycle modulates the equatorial-asymmetric component of HC, with an anticlockwise (clockwise) asymmetric circulation over the central equatorial Pacific before (after) El Ni{\~n}o peaks. Remarkably, the asymmetric HC in boreal spring leads ENSO with a lead correlation of up to 0.68, mediated by the wind-evaporation-sea surface temperature (SST) feedback and other atmosphere-ocean dynamics. The antecedent HC anomaly may contribute to ENSO predictability.",
author = "Yadi Li and Xie, {Shang Ping} and Tao Lian and Gan Zhang and Juan Feng and Jing Ma and Qihua Peng and Wenzhu Wang and Yurong Hou and Xichen Li",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the editor and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions, which largely improve the manuscript. Yadi Li and Xichen Li were supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0605700), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 42176243, 41976193, and 41676190). Shang‐Ping Xie was supported by the National Science Foundation (AGS‐2105654). Tao Lian was supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LR19D060001). Gan Zhang was supported by Princeton University's Cooperative Institute for Modeling the Earth system, through the Predictability and Explaining Extremes Initiative. Juan Feng was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41975079). Jing Ma was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 42088101, 42030605, and 41805051). Qihua Peng was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 42005035), the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou (Grant 202102020935), and the Independent Research Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTOZZ2102). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023. The Authors.",
year = "2023",
month = feb,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1029/2022GL102016",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "50",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",
number = "4",
}