TY - JOUR
T1 - Interaction of 2D materials with liquids
T2 - wettability, electrochemical properties, friction, and emerging directions
AU - Snapp, Peter
AU - Kim, Jin Myung
AU - Cho, Chullhee
AU - Leem, Juyoung
AU - Haque, Md Farhadul
AU - Nam, Sung Woo
N1 - Funding Information:
P.S. and C.C. gratefully acknowledge support from the NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship (NNX16AM69H and 80NSSC17K149). S.N. gratefully acknowledges support from the NSF (DMR-1708852, MRSEC DMR-1720633, and CMMI-1554019), DTRA (HDTRA1620298), NASA ECF (NNX16AR56G), ONR YIP (N00014-17-1-2830) and AFOSR (FA9550-16-1-0251, and FA2386-17-1-4071). This research was partially supported by the NSF through the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Materials Research Science and Engineering Center DMR-1720633.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
PY - 2020/12/1
Y1 - 2020/12/1
N2 - The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials as functional surfaces for sensing, electronics, mechanics, and other myriad applications underscores the importance of understanding 2D material–liquid interactions. The thinness and environmental sensitivity of 2D materials induce novel surface forces that drive liquid interactions. This complexity makes fundamental 2D material–liquid interactions variable. In this review, we discuss the (1) wettability, (2) electrical double layer (EDL) structure, and (3) frictional interactions originating from 2D material–liquid interactions. While many 2D materials are inherently hydrophilic, their wettability is perturbed by their substrate and contaminants, which can shift the contact angle. This modulation of the wetting behavior enables templating, filtration, and actuation. Similarly, the inherent EDL at 2D material–liquid interfaces is easily perturbed. This EDL modulation partially explains the wettability modulation and enables distinctive electrofluidic systems, including supercapacitors, energy harvesters, microfluidic sensors, and nanojunction gating devices. Furthermore, nanoconfinement of liquid molecules at 2D material surfaces arising from a perturbed liquid structure results in distinctive hydrofrictional behavior, influencing the use of 2D materials in microchannels. We expect 2D material–liquid interactions to inform future fields of study, including modulation of the chemical reactivity of 2D materials via tuning 2D material–liquid interactions. Overall, 2D material–liquid interactions are a rich area for research that enables the unique tuning of surface properties, electrical and mechanical interactions, and chemistry.
AB - The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials as functional surfaces for sensing, electronics, mechanics, and other myriad applications underscores the importance of understanding 2D material–liquid interactions. The thinness and environmental sensitivity of 2D materials induce novel surface forces that drive liquid interactions. This complexity makes fundamental 2D material–liquid interactions variable. In this review, we discuss the (1) wettability, (2) electrical double layer (EDL) structure, and (3) frictional interactions originating from 2D material–liquid interactions. While many 2D materials are inherently hydrophilic, their wettability is perturbed by their substrate and contaminants, which can shift the contact angle. This modulation of the wetting behavior enables templating, filtration, and actuation. Similarly, the inherent EDL at 2D material–liquid interfaces is easily perturbed. This EDL modulation partially explains the wettability modulation and enables distinctive electrofluidic systems, including supercapacitors, energy harvesters, microfluidic sensors, and nanojunction gating devices. Furthermore, nanoconfinement of liquid molecules at 2D material surfaces arising from a perturbed liquid structure results in distinctive hydrofrictional behavior, influencing the use of 2D materials in microchannels. We expect 2D material–liquid interactions to inform future fields of study, including modulation of the chemical reactivity of 2D materials via tuning 2D material–liquid interactions. Overall, 2D material–liquid interactions are a rich area for research that enables the unique tuning of surface properties, electrical and mechanical interactions, and chemistry.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85081735346&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85081735346&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41427-020-0203-1
DO - 10.1038/s41427-020-0203-1
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85081735346
VL - 12
JO - NPG Asia Materials
JF - NPG Asia Materials
SN - 1884-4049
IS - 1
M1 - 22
ER -