@inbook{a3c3bde7d61441eb8873d0af2be9d2fb,
title = "Intelligence, Race, and Psychological Testing",
abstract = "Philosophers have in recent decades neglected the state of the art on the psychology of intelligence tests as related to racial difference. A major theoretical issue is the measurement invariance of intelligence tests, the fact that blacks, Latinos, women, poor people, and other marginalized groups perform worse than average on a variety of different intelligence tests. But the skepticism now surrounding measurement invariance includes the importance of stereotype threat or the correlation of decreased performance level after test takers are exposed to stereotypes about themselves. Recent research suggests that people{\textquoteright}s conceptions of intelligence influence how their own intelligence is expressed. In a study when high school students were informed that intelligence is not an essential or racially determined property, higher grades and better performance in core courses resulted.",
keywords = "race, intelligence tests, measurement invariance, stereotype threat, intelligence",
author = "Mark Alfano and LaTasha Holden and Andrew Conway",
year = "2017",
month = feb,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190236953.013.2",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9780190236953",
series = "Oxford Handbooks",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
pages = "474--486",
editor = "Naomi Zack",
booktitle = "The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race",
address = "United States",
}