Integrating habitat suitability modeling with gene flow improves delineation of landscape connections among African savanna elephants

Alida de Flamingh, Nathan Alexander, Tolulope I.N. Perrin-Stowe, Cassidy Donnelly, Robert A.R. Guldemond, Robert L. Schooley, Rudi J. van Aarde, Alfred L. Roca

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Across Africa, space for conservation is sometimes limited to formally protected areas that have become progressively more isolated. There is a need for targeted conservation initiatives such as the demarcation of landscape connections, defined as areas that encompass environmental variables that promote the natural movement of individuals between populations, which can facilitate gene flow. Landscape connections can mitigate genetic isolation, genetic drift, and inbreeding, which can occur in isolated populations in protected areas. Promoting gene flow can reduce the risk of extirpation often associated with isolated populations. Here we develop and test models for identifying landscape connections among African savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana) populations by combining habitat suitability modeling with gene flow estimates across a large region including seven countries. We find a pronounced non-linear response to unsuitable habitat, consistent with previous studies showing that non-transformed habitat models are poor predictors of gene flow. We generated a landscape connections map that considers both suitable habitats based on telemetry occurrence data and gene flow estimated as the inverse of individual genetic distance, delineating areas that are important for maintaining elephant population connectivity. Our approach represents a novel framework for developing spatially and genetically informed conservation strategies for elephants and many other taxa distributed across heterogeneous and fragmented landscapes. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.)

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)3231-3252
Number of pages22
JournalBiodiversity and Conservation
Volume33
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2024

Keywords

  • Circuitscape
  • Conservation genetics
  • Euclidean distance
  • Landscape genetics
  • Least cost path
  • MaxEnt
  • Molecular ecology

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
  • Ecology
  • Nature and Landscape Conservation

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