Indications, contraindication, and overview for aspirating or injecting a joint or related structure

Aspirating or injecting a joint or related structure is a useful procedure that can be performed in various clinical settings (for injection pearls, see Box 1). Aspirations or injections are generally safe, and most clinicians can readily achieve comfort and proficiency with the necessary equipment in a limited time. Clinicians should be familiar with the indications and contraindications for an injection or aspiration prior to beginning the procedure. In addition, one should advance to more complicated cases only after mastering basic injections or aspirations. When performed with sound technique, aspirations or injections are important adjuncts to oral medications, rehabilitation, and surgery for appropriate patients.