@article{6c844d02cef84e05b33080469dbffdae,
title = "In situ ion irradiation of amorphous TiO2 nanotubes",
abstract = "Understanding of structural and morphological evolution in nanomaterials is critical in tailoring their functionality for applications such as energy conversion and storage. Here, we examine irradiation effects on the morphology and structure of amorphous TiO2 nanotubes in comparison with their crystalline counterpart, anatase TiO2 nanotubes, using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in situ ion irradiation TEM, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Anatase TiO2 nanotubes exhibit morphological and structural stability under irradiation due to their high concentration of grain boundaries and surfaces as defect sinks. On the other hand, amorphous TiO2 nanotubes undergo irradiation-induced crystallization, with some tubes remaining only partially crystallized. The partially crystalline tubes bend due to internal stresses associated with densification during crystallization as suggested by MD calculations. These results present a novel irradiation-based pathway for potentially tuning structure and morphology of energy storage materials. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]",
keywords = "Amorphous, Crystallization, Irradiation, Molecular dynamics, Nanotubes, TiO",
author = "Chao Yang and Tristan Olsen and Lau, {Miu Lun} and Smith, {Kassiopeia A.} and Khalid Hattar and Amrita Sen and Yaqiao Wu and Dewen Hou and Badri Narayanan and Min Long and Wharry, {Janelle P.} and Hui Xiong",
note = "This research was supported by the National Science Foundation awards DMR-1838604 and DMR-1838605. The authors thank Dr. Chris Gilpin at Purdue University for his assistance with electron microscopy. The authors also thank Prof. Kejie Zhao for fruitful discussion on mechanical responses of nanotubes. A.S. was supported by the Center for Thermal Energy Transport Under Irradiation, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. In situ TEM irradiation was performed at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. DOE{\textquoteright}s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525. This research also made use of the resources of the High Performance Computing Center at Idaho National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Nuclear Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy and the Nuclear Science User Facilities under Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. DOE or the United States Government.",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1557/s43578-022-00516-2",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "37",
pages = "1144--1155",
journal = "Journal of Materials Research",
issn = "0884-2914",
publisher = "Springer International Publishing AG",
number = "6",
}