Improved scatterer size estimation using backscatter coefficient measurements with coded excitation and pulse compression

Scatterer size estimates from ultrasonic backscatter coefficient measurements have been used to differentiate diseased tissue from normal. A low echo signal-to-noise ratio (eSNR) leads to increased bias and variance in scatterer size estimates. One way to improve the eSNR is to use coded excitation (CE). The normalized backscatter coefficient was measured from three tissue-mimicking phantoms by using CE and conventional pulsing (CP) techniques. The three phantoms contained randomly spaced glass beads with median diameters of 30, 45, and 82 μm, respectively. Measurements were made with two weakly focused, single-element transducers (f₀=5 MHz and f₀=10 MHz). For CE, a linear frequency modulated chirp with a time bandwidth product of 40 was used and pulse compression was accomplished by the use of a Wiener filter. Preliminary results indicated that improved estimation bias versus penetration depth was obtained by using CE compared to CP. The depth of penetration, where the accuracy of scatterer diameter estimates (absolute divergence <25%) were obtained with the 10 MHz transducer, was increased up to 50% by using CE versus CP techniques. In addition, for a majority of the phantoms, the increase in eSNR from CE resulted in a modest reduction in estimate variance versus depth of penetration.