TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification of Circulating Diagnostic Biomarkers for Coronary Microvascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women Using Machine-Learning Techniques
AU - Arredondo Eve, Alicia
AU - Tunc, Elif
AU - Liu, Yu-Jeh
AU - Agrawal, Saumya
AU - Erbak Yilmaz, Huriye
AU - Emren, Sadık Volkan
AU - Akyıldız Akçay, Filiz
AU - Mainzer, Luidmila
AU - Žurauskienė, Justina
AU - Madak Erdogan, Zeynep
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This work was supported by grants from the University of Illinois, ACES Future interdisciplinary research explorations grant (Z.M.E.), Office of International Programs-Conrad Award (Z.M.E.), National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, award ILLU-698-331 (to Z.M.E.), National Center for Supercomputing Applications Faculty Fellows (to Z.M.E.) and TÜBİTAK 2219 Post Doctorate Research Scholarship Program-1059B191601914 (to E.T.).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) is a common form of heart disease in postmenopausal women. It is not due to plaque formation but dysfunction of microvessels that feed the heart muscle. The majority of the patients do not receive a proper diagnosis, are discharged prematurely and must go back to the hospital with persistent symptoms. Because of the lack of diagnostic biomarkers, in the current study, we focused on identifying novel circulating biomarkers of CMV that could potentially be used for developing a diagnostic test. We hypothesized that plasma metabolite composition is different for postmenopausal women with no heart disease, CAD, or CMD. A total of 70 postmenopausal women, 26 healthy individuals, 23 individuals with CMD and 21 individuals with CAD were recruited. Their full health screening and tests were completed. Basic cardiac examination, including detailed clinical history, additional disease and prescribed drugs, were noted. Electrocardiograph, transthoracic echocardiography and laboratory analysis were also obtained. Additionally, we performed full metabolite profiling of plasma samples from these individuals using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, identified and classified circulating biomarkers using machine learning approaches. Stearic acid and ornithine levels were significantly higher in postmenopausal women with CMD. In contrast, valine levels were higher for women with CAD. Our research identified potential circulating plasma biomarkers of this debilitating heart disease in postmenopausal women, which will have a clinical impact on diagnostic test design in the future.
AB - Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) is a common form of heart disease in postmenopausal women. It is not due to plaque formation but dysfunction of microvessels that feed the heart muscle. The majority of the patients do not receive a proper diagnosis, are discharged prematurely and must go back to the hospital with persistent symptoms. Because of the lack of diagnostic biomarkers, in the current study, we focused on identifying novel circulating biomarkers of CMV that could potentially be used for developing a diagnostic test. We hypothesized that plasma metabolite composition is different for postmenopausal women with no heart disease, CAD, or CMD. A total of 70 postmenopausal women, 26 healthy individuals, 23 individuals with CMD and 21 individuals with CAD were recruited. Their full health screening and tests were completed. Basic cardiac examination, including detailed clinical history, additional disease and prescribed drugs, were noted. Electrocardiograph, transthoracic echocardiography and laboratory analysis were also obtained. Additionally, we performed full metabolite profiling of plasma samples from these individuals using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, identified and classified circulating biomarkers using machine learning approaches. Stearic acid and ornithine levels were significantly higher in postmenopausal women with CMD. In contrast, valine levels were higher for women with CAD. Our research identified potential circulating plasma biomarkers of this debilitating heart disease in postmenopausal women, which will have a clinical impact on diagnostic test design in the future.
KW - Coronary microvascular dysfunction
KW - Metabolic-circulating biomarker
KW - Postmenopausal women
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U2 - 10.3390/metabo11060339
DO - 10.3390/metabo11060339
M3 - Article
C2 - 34070374
VL - 11
JO - Metabolites
JF - Metabolites
SN - 2218-1989
IS - 6
M1 - 339
ER -