TY - JOUR
T1 - Hydrothermal liquefaction of typical livestock manures in China
T2 - Biocrude oil production and migration of heavy metals
AU - Li, Hugang
AU - Lu, Jianwen
AU - Zhang, Yuanhui
AU - Liu, Zhidan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2018/10
Y1 - 2018/10
N2 - Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of six typical animal manures in China (Swine manure, Dairy manure, Beef manure, Laying hen manure, Broiler manure, and Sheep manure) was performed in this study. The highest biocrude oil yield was 30.85% (dry ash-free basis, daf) and was obtained from swine manure at 340 °C, whereas the biocrude yields from other manures ranged from 15.03% (daf) to 25.47% (daf). The study demonstrated that besides biocrude oil production, the majority of heavy metals, i.e. 70%–98% of Zn and Cu, 71%–99% of Pb, 87%–98% of Cd and 20%–75% of As, in all six types of typical animal manures were concentrated into the solid residue after HTL. The mobile heavy metal fractions in the manure were transformed into more structurally stable forms in the solid residue. Environmental risks of heavy metals in the feedstock and solid residue were further assessed based on individual contamination factors and global contamination factor codes. Interestingly, ecological risk levels of most heavy metals in all manures were dramatically decreased from high-medium to low-moderate risk via HTL. It is feasible to simultaneously produce biocrude oil and control the migration of heavy metals in livestock manure via HTL.
AB - Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of six typical animal manures in China (Swine manure, Dairy manure, Beef manure, Laying hen manure, Broiler manure, and Sheep manure) was performed in this study. The highest biocrude oil yield was 30.85% (dry ash-free basis, daf) and was obtained from swine manure at 340 °C, whereas the biocrude yields from other manures ranged from 15.03% (daf) to 25.47% (daf). The study demonstrated that besides biocrude oil production, the majority of heavy metals, i.e. 70%–98% of Zn and Cu, 71%–99% of Pb, 87%–98% of Cd and 20%–75% of As, in all six types of typical animal manures were concentrated into the solid residue after HTL. The mobile heavy metal fractions in the manure were transformed into more structurally stable forms in the solid residue. Environmental risks of heavy metals in the feedstock and solid residue were further assessed based on individual contamination factors and global contamination factor codes. Interestingly, ecological risk levels of most heavy metals in all manures were dramatically decreased from high-medium to low-moderate risk via HTL. It is feasible to simultaneously produce biocrude oil and control the migration of heavy metals in livestock manure via HTL.
KW - Biocrude oil
KW - Environmental risk
KW - Heavy metal
KW - Hydrothermal liquefaction
KW - Livestock manure
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jaap.2018.09.010
DO - 10.1016/j.jaap.2018.09.010
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85053721394
SN - 0165-2370
VL - 135
SP - 133
EP - 140
JO - Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis
JF - Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis
ER -