TY - JOUR
T1 - Hydrothermal liquefaction for algal biorefinery
T2 - A critical review
AU - Tian, Chunyan
AU - Li, Baoming
AU - Liu, Zhidan
AU - Zhang, Yuanhui
AU - Lu, Haifeng
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 21106080 ), the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund ( 2012RC030 , 15053209 ) and the National High-Tech R&D Program of China ( 2012AA051803 ).
PY - 2014/10
Y1 - 2014/10
N2 - Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has recently received increasing attention due to its advantages in rapid reaction, using wet feedstocks with no lipid-content restriction. These characteristics make HTL especially suitable for conversion of algae into biocrude oil. This paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of HTL technologies from a perspective of algal biorefinery. In this review, we first summarize the updated researches and technologies of algae HTL. Specially, an "Environmental-Enhancing Energy" (E2E) paradigm based on algal biorefinery has been proposed and discussed. Second, the principles and crucial factors for algae HTL are discussed with focus on (1) algae species and characteristics including lipids, proteins and carbohydrates; (2) the operational parameters including total solids, holding temperature, retention time and catalysts; and (3) the critical principles of HTL reaction and the role of deoxygenation and denitrogenation. In addition, potential applications of HTL are discussed. Prospective and challenges of HTL for algal biorefinery are finally addressed including feedstock preparation, scale-up of algae HTL, and process integration.
AB - Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has recently received increasing attention due to its advantages in rapid reaction, using wet feedstocks with no lipid-content restriction. These characteristics make HTL especially suitable for conversion of algae into biocrude oil. This paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of HTL technologies from a perspective of algal biorefinery. In this review, we first summarize the updated researches and technologies of algae HTL. Specially, an "Environmental-Enhancing Energy" (E2E) paradigm based on algal biorefinery has been proposed and discussed. Second, the principles and crucial factors for algae HTL are discussed with focus on (1) algae species and characteristics including lipids, proteins and carbohydrates; (2) the operational parameters including total solids, holding temperature, retention time and catalysts; and (3) the critical principles of HTL reaction and the role of deoxygenation and denitrogenation. In addition, potential applications of HTL are discussed. Prospective and challenges of HTL for algal biorefinery are finally addressed including feedstock preparation, scale-up of algae HTL, and process integration.
KW - Algal biofuel
KW - Algal biorefinery
KW - Biocrude oil
KW - Hydrothermal liquefaction
KW - Keywords
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U2 - 10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.030
DO - 10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.030
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:84905034327
SN - 1364-0321
VL - 38
SP - 933
EP - 950
JO - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
ER -