Hydrogen detection using a functionalized photonic crystal vertical cavity laser

Benjamin G. Griffin; Amir Arbabi; Ansas M. Kasten; Kent D. Choquette; Lynford L. Goddard

doi:10.1109/JQE.2011.2171918

Hydrogen detection using a functionalized photonic crystal vertical cavity laser

Benjamin G. Griffin, Amir Arbabi, Ansas M. Kasten, Kent D. Choquette, Lynford L. Goddard

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

A thin layer of palladium (Pd) was deposited on the surface of an etched air hole photonic crystal (PhC) vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) to form a hydrogen gas H ₂ sensor. H ₂ reacts with Pd, forming PdH _{\rm x}, which induces a shift in the complex refractive index. With Pd on its surface, the reflectivity of the top distributed Bragg reflector depends on the H ₂ concentration. We present device operation theory and experimental results showing a 60% output power increase and a 52 pm redshift of the lasing wavelength at 4% H ₂. Since the PhC VCSEL laser is single mode and the wavelength shift is comparable to the laser linewidth, the sensor can provide an accurate quantification of the H ₂ concentration over the range of 0-4% H ₂.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	6044692
Pages (from-to)	160-168
Number of pages	9
Journal	IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
Volume	48
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2011.2171918
State	Published - 2012

Keywords

Laser sensors
photonic crystals
vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Condensed Matter Physics
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Online availability

10.1109/JQE.2011.2171918

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title = "Hydrogen detection using a functionalized photonic crystal vertical cavity laser",

abstract = "A thin layer of palladium (Pd) was deposited on the surface of an etched air hole photonic crystal (PhC) vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) to form a hydrogen gas H 2 sensor. H 2 reacts with Pd, forming PdH \rm x, which induces a shift in the complex refractive index. With Pd on its surface, the reflectivity of the top distributed Bragg reflector depends on the H 2 concentration. We present device operation theory and experimental results showing a 60% output power increase and a 52 pm redshift of the lasing wavelength at 4% H 2. Since the PhC VCSEL laser is single mode and the wavelength shift is comparable to the laser linewidth, the sensor can provide an accurate quantification of the H 2 concentration over the range of 0-4% H 2.",

keywords = "Laser sensors, photonic crystals, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers",

author = "Griffin, {Benjamin G.} and Amir Arbabi and Kasten, {Ansas M.} and Choquette, {Kent D.} and Goddard, {Lynford L.}",

note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received August 17, 2011; revised September 29, 2011; accepted September 29, 2011. Date of current version January 24, 2012. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Award ID 0901388.",

year = "2012",

doi = "10.1109/JQE.2011.2171918",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "48",

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T1 - Hydrogen detection using a functionalized photonic crystal vertical cavity laser

AU - Griffin, Benjamin G.

AU - Arbabi, Amir

AU - Kasten, Ansas M.

AU - Choquette, Kent D.

AU - Goddard, Lynford L.

N1 - Funding Information: Manuscript received August 17, 2011; revised September 29, 2011; accepted September 29, 2011. Date of current version January 24, 2012. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Award ID 0901388.

PY - 2012

Y1 - 2012

N2 - A thin layer of palladium (Pd) was deposited on the surface of an etched air hole photonic crystal (PhC) vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) to form a hydrogen gas H 2 sensor. H 2 reacts with Pd, forming PdH \rm x, which induces a shift in the complex refractive index. With Pd on its surface, the reflectivity of the top distributed Bragg reflector depends on the H 2 concentration. We present device operation theory and experimental results showing a 60% output power increase and a 52 pm redshift of the lasing wavelength at 4% H 2. Since the PhC VCSEL laser is single mode and the wavelength shift is comparable to the laser linewidth, the sensor can provide an accurate quantification of the H 2 concentration over the range of 0-4% H 2.

AB - A thin layer of palladium (Pd) was deposited on the surface of an etched air hole photonic crystal (PhC) vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) to form a hydrogen gas H 2 sensor. H 2 reacts with Pd, forming PdH \rm x, which induces a shift in the complex refractive index. With Pd on its surface, the reflectivity of the top distributed Bragg reflector depends on the H 2 concentration. We present device operation theory and experimental results showing a 60% output power increase and a 52 pm redshift of the lasing wavelength at 4% H 2. Since the PhC VCSEL laser is single mode and the wavelength shift is comparable to the laser linewidth, the sensor can provide an accurate quantification of the H 2 concentration over the range of 0-4% H 2.

KW - Laser sensors

KW - photonic crystals

KW - vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

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Hydrogen detection using a functionalized photonic crystal vertical cavity laser

Abstract

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ASJC Scopus subject areas

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