TY - JOUR
T1 - Hydrodynamization times of a holographic fluid far from equilibrium
AU - Rougemont, Romulo
AU - Barreto, Willians
AU - Noronha, Jorge
N1 - The authors thank R. Critelli for the collaboration during the first stages of this work. R. R. acknowledges financial support by Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ). J. N. is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office for Nuclear Physics under Award No. DE-SC0021301. J. N. also thanks Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Grant No. 2017/05685-2.
PY - 2022/2/15
Y1 - 2022/2/15
N2 - We investigate several hydrodynamization times for an ensemble of different far-from-equilibrium solutions of the strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma undergoing Bjorken flow. For the ensemble of initial data analyzed in the present work, we find that, with typical tolerances between 3% to 5%, the average hydrodynamization time associated with the late time convergence of the pressure anisotropy to the corresponding Borel resummed hydrodynamic attractor is approximately equal to the average hydrodynamization time associated with the Navier-Stokes result, while both are shorter than the average hydrodynamization time associated with second-order hydrodynamics. On the other hand, we find that the entropy density of the different solutions coalesces to second-order hydrodynamics long before entering in the Navier-Stokes regime. A clear hierarchy between the different average hydrodynamization times of the Bjorken expanding fluid is established for the set of analyzed initial data, comprising also some solutions which, whilst satisfying the dominant and the weak energy conditions at the initial time, evolve such as to transiently violate one or both conditions when the fluid is still far from equilibrium. In particular, solutions violating the weak energy condition are generally found to take a longer time to enter in the hydrodynamic regime than the other solutions.
AB - We investigate several hydrodynamization times for an ensemble of different far-from-equilibrium solutions of the strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma undergoing Bjorken flow. For the ensemble of initial data analyzed in the present work, we find that, with typical tolerances between 3% to 5%, the average hydrodynamization time associated with the late time convergence of the pressure anisotropy to the corresponding Borel resummed hydrodynamic attractor is approximately equal to the average hydrodynamization time associated with the Navier-Stokes result, while both are shorter than the average hydrodynamization time associated with second-order hydrodynamics. On the other hand, we find that the entropy density of the different solutions coalesces to second-order hydrodynamics long before entering in the Navier-Stokes regime. A clear hierarchy between the different average hydrodynamization times of the Bjorken expanding fluid is established for the set of analyzed initial data, comprising also some solutions which, whilst satisfying the dominant and the weak energy conditions at the initial time, evolve such as to transiently violate one or both conditions when the fluid is still far from equilibrium. In particular, solutions violating the weak energy condition are generally found to take a longer time to enter in the hydrodynamic regime than the other solutions.
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U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevD.105.046009
DO - 10.1103/PhysRevD.105.046009
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85125731785
SN - 2470-0010
VL - 105
JO - Physical Review D
JF - Physical Review D
IS - 4
M1 - 046009
ER -